In order to solve the jacking force estimation of large rectangular section vertical curve pipe jacking during construction, aiming at the difference between the design and the actual construction of the pipe section deflection of the curve pipe jacking line, the force analysis of pipe joints was carried out one by one, and the calculation formula of jacking force was obtained by cumulative superposition. The deflection angle of vertical pipe jacking was estimated according to the line between the starting point and the end point, and then the deflection angle of each pipe section was calculated. According to the relation between grouting pressure and earth pressure around pipe joint during pipe jacking, the loading mode of pipe joint was selected. When the grouting pressure was greater than the soil pressure of surrounding rock, the grouting pressure was selected as the external load, and otherwise the soil pressure of surrounding rock was selected as the external load. The results show that the jacking force obtained by modeling pipe joints one by one and selecting the form of external load considering the relationship between grouting pressure and surrounding rock pressure can better reflect the actual working state of pipe jacking. The results also show that the main factors affecting the jacking force are soil weight, initial buried depth and side friction coefficient. At the same time, the influence of the deflection angle on the jacking force cannot be ignored, and the influence degree gradually increases with the increase of the jacking distance.