In recent years, multiple high-yield economically viable gas flow wells have been drilled in the Qixia Maokou Formation in the Hechuan area, indicating that it has good exploration prospects. However, the overall exploration level in the area is relatively low, and the characteristics and genesis of reservoirs are still unclear, leading to difficulties in reservoir evaluation and prediction. Based on the data of 8 drilling wells, including Tongshen 4 well and Heshen 6 well, reservoir characteristic analysis was conducted on core samples, thin sections, imaging techniques, and porosity-permeability measurements. Samples were selected for microscopic characterization of reservoir pore throat structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with argon ion milling and industrial computed tomography (CT) testing. The results show that the Qixia Formation-Maokou Formation dolomite in the Hechuan area of the Sichuan Basin predominantly consist of three dolomite types: crystalline dolomite, dolomitic limestone and calcareous dolomite, with crystalline dolomite being the most crucial reservoir lithology and the main reservoir space carrier. The dolomite reservoir of the Qixia Formation is chiefly by intercrystalline pores which are relatively uniform in development, exhibiting medium to high porosity and medium permeability overall. The dolomite of the Maokou Formation primarily features with a varied distribution of intercrystalline pores, resulting in overall medium-high porosity and permeability. Reservoir microscopic characterisation based on industrial CT reveals that intercrystal pores are relatively homogeneous in the Qixia Formation dolomites, whereas the Maokou Formation dolomites are strongly heterogeneous, and both develop independently of fractures, reflecting that these pores are the inheritance of earlier pores. Reservoir microscopic characterisation based on SEM with Ar-ion milling reveals that micro-pores associated with crystal defects exist in both the Qixia and Maokou Formations, it suggests that in addition to vugs, intercrystal pores and micro pores also significant contributions to the reservoir properties. The research results provide a certain scientific basis for the evaluation of dolomite reservoirs in the Qixia Maokou Formation in the Hechuan area.