In order to study the selection technology and application effect of large-diameter dual-mode shields in complex geological environments, the interval between Shenda Intercity Airport East Station and Huangmabu Station has been selected as the basis for analysis. Firstly, the engineering difficulties and construction risks were analyzed, and the results indicate that the tunnel require to pass through a long distance of hard rock strata and part of soft land strata, underpass many important structures, and joint fracture zones, which causing the high construction risk and difficulty. Therefore, the earth pressure balance (EPB)/tunnel boring machine (TBM) dual-mode shield was selected considered the comprehensive influence of tunneling efficiency of hard rock strata, the stability of the soft soil, and adverse geological conditions. In addition, the targeted design was carried out for the structure and functional system of the shield tunneling machine by dint of the construction difficulties. Finally, the on-site engineering application effect of the EPB/TBM dual-mode shield was evaluated. The results show that the selected earth EPB/TBM dual-mode shield can better meet the project requirements and ensure the safety and high efficiency of tunneling. The research results provide reference and guidance for the selection of other dual-mode shields under similar conditions.