In order to explore the effect of neurofeedback training on improving shooting performance and the characteristics of non-responders during neurofeedback training. A neurofeedback training for sports performance (SP-NFT) experimental research was conducted. Twenty subjects were recruited to conduct a "PEAK" paradigm 4 times a week SP-NFT, pre-and post-test disappearing target shooting performance and related electroencephalograph (EEG) data were collected, and the improvement effect of SP-NFT on shooting performance, changed in EEG characteristics and the characteristics of non-responder groups during SP-NFT were tested. The results show that the post-test shooting performance is significantly higher than that of the pre-test (P < 0.01), and the resting state theta frequency band power is significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal subjects, the non-response group has higher efforts and the variation degree of theta and SMR frequency band power are lower during the SP-NFT stage. It is concluded that the shooting performance of the subjects can be effectively improved by SP-NFT, and the related physiological mechanism of the non-response group is revealed. The research results can provide theoretical support and experimental evidence for the further development of SP-NFT technology for improving shooting performance.