In order to improve the safety and operational performance of surgical robots, a vertebral plate decompression surgery robot was used as a research object to conduct a user evaluation of its interactive interface. Hierarchical analysis was used to calculate the weights of the evaluation indexes for each dimension. A questionnaire survey with orthopedic surgeons was used to investigate the usefulness, practicability, comprehensibility, degree of balance, and overall rating of the keystrokes in the collection screen, the real-time grinding information, and the robot operation information. The weighted scores for each key and message within the interface were derived by weighted summation. The results show that the scores of the practicable operation buttons, the practicable and degree of balance of both operation buttons, and the robot operation information are low. The weighted rating of the operation buttons within the interface is higher than the mean, but the weighted scores for the real-time grinding and robot operation information are lower than the mean. It is concluded that the recognition of buttons and information within the interface needs to be more detailed in the future design of the surgical robot to avoid problems with confusing keys or messages. Also, unified interface language, the use of vocabulary in specialized medical fields, and adding interface tips or function descriptions are necessary designs to improve the safety and operational performance of surgical robots.