During super high-rise construction, there are many fire-starting factors with higher fire hazards and higher evacuation risks. In order to study the occurrence of fire in super high-rise construction and the evacuation in the corresponding situation, taking the construction site of the Zhaoping Business Centre project as an example, the neural network was used to predict the fire-starting materials of the fire. The fire simulation was carried out to get the simulation data of the fire smoke and the temperature by fire dynamics simulator (FDS). Taking fire, panic and the construction environment into account, the evacuation of construction workers was studied by Pathfinder. The results show that the most probable fire-starting material in this case is insulation. The main factors affecting evacuation during fire are temperature and visibility. The evacuation time of evacuees changes from 324 s to 419 s after being affected by panic, fire and construction environment.