To clarify the growth adaptation strategy of plant seedlings in soil hardness, and to explore the possibility of using soil tillage methods to regulate the growth and development of plant seedlings and improve the efficiency of artificial seedling raising. The seedbed was set to deep tillage, ridge tillage and shallow tillage, to study the growth dynamics and root change characteristics of P. euphratica seedlings during the growing season under different soil tillage. The results show that the July was key period for seedling growth, the aboveground and underground biomass distribution and root morphology of P. euphratica seedlings were affected by soil treatment, and deep tillage promoted the root growth of seedlings, which was within the range of seedbed soil tillage methods reference values for the breeding of P. euphratica.