The geological environment in the Gansu Province is complex. Affected by extreme weather, earthquakes and human engineering activities, geological disasters occur frequently in the Gansu Province, and the situation of disaster prevention and reduction is grim. In order to further investigate the current development characteristics of geological disasters in Gansu Province, based on the analysis of the latest data of 1∶ 50 000 geological disaster risk survey in Gansu Province, the characteristics of geological disasters in the whole province were analyzed, and the spatial and temporal distribution rules and characteristics of geological disasters were summarized. The results show these as follows. The geological disasters in Gansu Province are mainly collapse, landslide and debris flow, the scale are mostly small and medium-sized. In terms of spatial distribution, the geological disasters are mainly distributed in 9 cities in the central and southeast of the Gansu province, belonging to the Yellow River basin and Loess Plateau, the Bailong River basin and the Longnan Mountains areas. In terms of time distribution, the main flood season from May to September is the peak period for geological disasters, with late July to early August being the most severe. Geological disasters had the characteristics of mass disaster, hidden disaster and chain disaster. The research results can provide certain technical basis and reference for regional geological disaster prevention and emergency management.