In order to further study the shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) plates, an experimental study was carried out on three full scale RC beams, including a control one and two ones strengthened using UHPC plates with or without CFRP strips. The effects of UHPC plates and CFRP strips were focused. The test results show that the shear failure occurs in all the test beams, but the bearing capacity, stiffness and ductility of the reinforced beams are significantly improved. Among them, the cracking resistance of UHPC plates is improved by embedded CFRP strips, and the ultimate load and corresponding displacement are increased by 30.8% and 28.5%, respectively. The screw mechanical anchorage plays the role of lateral restraint and pin, which improves the contribution of UHPC plate to a certain extent. At the same time, a nonlinear finite element model is established to analyze the test beam. The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results, indicating that the constitutive relationship and related parameters selected in the model are reasonable and can be used to predict the whole process stress behavior of RC beams reinforced by UHPC plates.