Traffic congestion is a common problem that plagues urban residents. Scientifically planning bus lanes is an effective way to improve transportation efficiency in the case of limited road space resources in cities. How to use traffic situation data and road network information to plan and evaluate the layout of bus lanes was explored. First, the research scope of bus lane layout was selected. With the help of road traffic information technology, the regional traffic situation was visualized using big data of the platform for analyzing and publishing traffic conditions. Then, from the perspective of the overall benefit of the road network, a multi-objective optimization model with the minimum carbon emission and the minimum total travel time as the optimization objectives was constructed to analyze the benefits of setting up bus lanes. Finally, taking a particular area in the center of Nanchang city as an example, a bus lane layout scheme was proposed for the sections with severe traffic congestion, no bus lanes yet, and meeting the conditions for setting up bus lanes. The results show that setting up bus lanes can reduce vehicle carbon emissions in the road network and improve the overall traffic efficiency of the sections. The average optimization rate for carbon reduction is 4%, and the average time efficiency is increased by 5%. The optimization method proposed is conducive to obtaining a reasonable and practical bus lane optimization scheme and provides a decision basis for urban traffic managers.