The Jinsha River is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, spanning the transitional zone between the first and second geomorphic terraces in China. The basin is prone to frequent geological hazards. The Sichuan section of the Along-Jinsha Expressway is an important supporting project for "The Belt and Road Initiative" and the "Yangtze River Economic Belt", which is of great strategic significance to the development of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. In order to investigate the unique phenomenon of the differential distribution of geological disasters along the Pingshan-Jinyang section of the Jinsha River, the background conditions and characteristics of geological hazard development in the study area were systematically combed through remote sensing interpretation, field investigation and data analysis. The genetic mechanism of the differential distribution of geological hazards was analyzed, and corresponding prevention and control strategies for different hazard types was proposed in the study area. The findings are as follows: the geological hazards along the Pingshan-Jinyang section of the expressway mainly consist of debris flows in Pingshan County, where the proportion of their development is significantly lower compared to the lower annual rainfall areas of Leibo County and Jinyang County. Topography, geomorphology, geological structure and seismic activity are the internal influencing factors for the differential distribution. Critical rainfall and human engineering activities are the external factors contributing to the differential distribution. Both internal and external factors jointly dominate the differential distribution of geological hazards in the study area. Targeted prevention and control strategies are proposed based on different types of geological hazards.