In order to restore the ecosystem of rock slope in arid and semi-arid region and obtain the optimal proportion for ecological slope protection materials, a new type of ecological base material was investigated. The impact of three factors, namely binder, wood fiber, and water-retaining agent, each with three levels were focused on the properties of the slope protection material through a multi-index and multi-factor orthogonal experiment. The results show that the binder can effectively improve the strength and water stability of the material, and its optimal performance can be achieved with an appropriate amount of water. With increasing amounts of the binder, the shear strength shows an increasing-then-decreasing trend, while the permeability coefficient and disintegration amount both decrease. The application of a small amount of water-retaining agent can have a significant impact on the permeability and water-holding capacity of the material, and effectively improve the ability of material to retain natural precipitation. The interaction between wood fiber and binder can promote the reinforcement effect and improve soil configuration, thereby enhancing the material's impact resistance and shear resistance. Except for the permeability coefficient that increases with the increase of wood fiber content, other indicators show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. According to the range analysis, the influence degree of each factor on the properties of the base material is binder > wood fiber > water-retaining agent. The optimal proportion is obtained as follows: binder is 3%, wood fiber is 4%, water-retaining agent is 0.1%, and the optimal moisture content is 16%.