The vibration characteristics of the rotor of the self-made rotating machinery fault simulation test bench were studied by combining software simulation and experimental analysis. The rotor was modeled in 3D using Solidworks software and meshed in Altair Hyper Mesh software for import into ANSYS Workbench software for post-processing analysis. Firstly, the deformation and stress distribution of the double-disc rotor were obtained by static analysis. Considering the influence of gyroscopic effect, the natural frequency and mode shape cloud map were obtained by modal analysis. The Campbell diagram was generated to analyze the variation characteristics of the vibration component of the rotor in the set speed range. The harmonic response analysis was used to obtain the dynamic response in a specific frequency domain. Finally, the experimental mode analysis was carried out and compared with the simulation results to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. The results show that there is a certain degree of stress concentration at the shaft shoulder position. The critical speed is much greater than the working speed, which can effectively avoid resonance. The dynamic stiffness of the structure is good and meets the design requirements. In engineering problems, a test bench is often built based on the simplified dynamic model of the entire machine for research. The research results can provide a reference for the vibration characteristic analysis of this type of rotor, and play a certain guiding role for the simulation experiment of rotating machinery failure.