In order to accurately evaluate the influence of various working conditions on the stability of aeolian soil bank slope in a desert open channel in Xinjiang. The indoor geotechnical test was carried out and the geological conditions of the channel bank slope were investigated. The strength reduction method in Midas GTS/NX software was used to calculate the stability of the two-dimensional bank slope in the four periods of completion period of heavy rainfall, water conveyance period and water level drop under the two conditions of unreinforced and reinforced. By comparing the overall displacement, equivalent plastic strain zone and safety factor of the bank slope in the four periods under the two conditions of unreinforced and reinforced, the overall stability and reinforcement effect of the bank slope were analyzed and evaluated. The results show that under the two working conditions of unreinforced and reinforced, the aeolian soil bank slope is in a stable state in four periods, and the safety factor is greater than 1.30. When the channel is located in the impoundment period, the water pressure at the leading edge of the slope increases, which effectively improves the safety factor of the channel bank slope, but the sudden drop of water level has the greatest influence on the stability of the aeolian soil bank slope, followed by rainfall. When not reinforced, the equivalent plastic strain diagram of the bank slope in the four periods is arc-shaped and has been connected after reinforcement, the equivalent plastic strain diagram of the bank slope is generally distributed in a straight line along the lining, and the displacement deformation of the slip zone is well controlled, which greatly reduces the possibility of landslide disaster. The research results can provide reference for the construction of Xinjiang desert aeolian soil water channel project to a certain extent. results can provide reference for the construction of Xinjiang desert aeolian soil water channel project to a certain extent.