In order to clarify typical risk scenarios in highway traffic, improve the pertinence and guidance of highway test scenario construction and highway safety analysis. The data of about 60 000 road traffic accidents in five years was collected in representative provinces of different regions of China as the data source. The key categorical variables were screened and determined, and the typical traffic conflict forms of 7 typical highway sections and intersections were clustered. A total of 16 typical risk scenarios were obtained. Then the characterization parameters of scene risk characteristics were constructed. The risk characteristics of typical risk scenarios were compared and analyzed, and then the influence characteristics of road and environmental factors on the number and severity of scene accidents were analyzed. The results show that road surface conditions, types of protective facilities, traffic signal modes, lighting conditions, weather and visibility factors have a great impact on the risk degree of some scenes, while the road integrity or not has little impact on the risk degree of scene.