The aircraft surface icing changes the flight dynamics characteristics of the aircraft and seriously threatens flight safety. Therefore, aircraft anti-icing technology is of great significance for safe flight. The basic principle, type, and influence of aircraft icing methods were analyzed and the existing anti-icing technology methods were summarized and compared. At the same time, the research status of superhydrophobic materials was comprehensively reviewed, and its specific conditions (superhydrophobic property failure) were analyzed, especially the existing problems and challenges. Secondly, based on the defects of a single anti-icing system, a composite anti-icing system was proposed, and several composite anti-icing systems were introduced and compared with a single anti-icing system. In addition, aiming at the possible problems in the application of superhydrophobic materials, an aircraft anti-icing system combining loop heat pipe and superhydrophobic materials was proposed. Finally, the problems of superhydrophobic coating surfaces and composite anti-icing and deicing systems were analyzed and prospected. It can be seen that the hybrid anti-icing and deicing system has good application potential.