In order to effectively improve the evacuation efficiency of personnel evacuation in high-rise hospital building, a comprehensive hospital's high-rise residential building was selected as the subject of study. It focusing on the evacuation behavior characteristics of the vulnerable groups within the high-rise hospital building, through the application of Isovist analysis, a suitability analysis was conducted for the interior space of the hospital building. The Anylogic software was utilized for multi-scenario evacuation simulations within the building. The results show that during emergency evacuations, the spatial layout of the building could lead to the concentration of evacuation pressure in a certain area of the building. By classifying the inpatient building's inhabitants based on their physiological and behavioral characteristics, and then combining different categories of people for phased evacuation. In the optimal scenario, the overall evacuation efficiency improved by 15.95%. It is evident that considering the evacuation behavior characteristics of vulnerable groups, and carrying out reasonable grouping and separate evacuations can effectively improve the overall evacuation efficiency of high-rise hospital buildings.