In order to understand in detail the relationship between radar echo characteristics and internal dynamic features of extreme rainfall in Zhengzhou, the wind field structure of the echo and radar inversion during the development and maturity of the mesoscale convective system was analyzed by using the ground automatic station, sounding data, European mid-term reanalysis data and dual polarization radar, and the macro and micro characteristics of particle phase and dynamic characteristics were revealed. The main research findings of this study are as follows: the reflectivity features show that the band-shaped regions oriented from north to south gradually converge into cluster formations. The radial velocity features indicate low-level convergence and a strong vertical wind shear with wind direction turning clockwise with height. Based on the analysis of polarimetric parameters, the study provides insights into the local structures within the convective systems. Further research reveals that the narrow and intense arc-shaped regions of differential reflectivity effectively indicate strong upward motion within the convective systems, providing dynamic forcing for the sustained development of extreme precipitation systems. In the vertical profiles, the distribution of the differential reflectivity columns and specific differential phase columns exhibits a separation phenomenon in spatial distribution. Both parameters reflect strong upward motion within the convective systems, providing strong support for the development and intensification of heavy rainfall.