Aiming at the key technical bottlenecks of poor versatility, structural redundancy, insufficient motion stability and dynamic response lag of omnidirectional mobile platforms for service robots, a highly integrated design scheme of an omnidirectional wheel drive module was proposed.The module adopts a horizontal steering wheel topology, innovatively integrating steering, suspension, power and drive-control systems. Based on the concept of drive-control integration, the hardware layout was optimized to achieve miniaturization and interface standardization. The control strategy adopts Hall sensor-based FOC (field oriented control) combined with zero-sequence component injection SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation) technology. To significantly improve the rotor position estimation accuracy, a multi-layer Hall angle error compensation strategy consisting of “d-axis forced alignment self-learning, three-Hall periodic interpolation, and phase-locked loop direct calibration” was designed. For the speed-current cascade closed-loop control, a PI parameter self-tuning algorithm combining pole-zero cancellation and maximum phase margin was proposed to enhance dynamic response speed and control accuracy. Moreover, a per-unit control system was established to ensure compatibility with multiple motor types.A four-wheel omnidirectional mobile experimental platform was built to systematically conduct a series of tests, including control loop performance, steering accuracy, omnidirectional mobility and maximum load movement. The experimental results show that a single module achieves a maximum load of 50 kg, a full-load speed of 2.16 m/s, a steering accuracy of ±0.23°, a current loop overshoot of ≤5.8% and a settling time of ≤0.562 5 ms. The average lateral offset rate of the multi-module combined platform moving in eight directions was only 0.54 cm/m. Under sudden load application and removal, the speed recovery time was ≤0.591 s and the steady-state error was ≤4.0 r/min. With the core advantages of compact structure, strong versatility, high motion accuracy and outstanding anti-interference capability, the module can be used to rapidly build omnidirectional mobile platforms suitable for logistics handling, medical assistance, security inspection and other scenarios, laying a theoretical and technical foundation for the modular, universal and high-performance development of mobile systems for service robots.
ZHAO Feng-tian, ZHAO Yu, WANG Shi-yu, WANG Hao-cheng, WANG Lin.
Integrated Design and Research of Omnidirectional Wheel Drive Module Based on Sensory Magnetic Field Oriented Control[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(22): 9576-9585 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2601909
为实现控制系统的标准化与多电机兼容,设计标幺化控制系统,将物理参数的实际值除以同单位基准值,得到无量纲的标幺值,转换为16位有符号整数进行定点运算,减小计算量、提高运算速度。选择频率、电流、电压为基本物理量,其基准值分别取电机最大电频率的2倍、ADC采样最大相电流、母线电压除以$\sqrt{3}$,其余物理量基准值由基本量推导得出。将 PI 参数自整定公式离散化后进行标幺化处理,使控制系统可直接适配不同电压、功率的电机,无需重新调试参数。
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