1 School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
2 Pile-supported Structure Research Center, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
3 College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
4 Shaanxi Road and Bridge Group Pavement Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710076, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2026-01-21
2026-10-18
2026-04-07
Online Date
2026-10-30
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摘要
为探究大庆地区盐渍土在冻融循环过程中盐胀与冻胀的动态演化规律及其对水渠边坡衬砌结构安全性的影响,以NaHCO3粉质黏土为研究对象,开展了水渠边坡缩尺模型试验。对剑桥模型进行了盐胀效应修正,建立了开放条件下梯形渠道边坡的水-热-盐-力四场耦合有限元模型,并验证模型的准确性。试验结果表明:在非饱和条件下,当土体中NaHCO3浓度分别为0.93%和3.16%时,盐冻胀力呈现极小值与极大值的峰值特征。冻融循环作用下,坡面基土主拉应力最高可达1.4 MPa,超过C20混凝土的抗拉强度设计值,表明现有衬砌结构存在开裂风险;随着冻融循环次数增加,土体冻结面逐渐向内部扩展,在第4次冻融循环后,坡面最大扰动深度达到1.75 m;同时土体水分发生明显的向上迁移,渠底上方0.5 m处含水率提高约2%。盐分在坡面以下3 mm 处发生显著富集,盐分补给层主要分布于0.1~0.25 m深度范围内。基于试验与数值分析结果,建议大庆地区水渠边坡工程在开挖阶段设置大直径块石层,并采用C25混凝土作为坡面衬砌材料,以提高渠道边坡在盐冻环境下的整体稳定性与耐久性。
Abstract
To investigate the dynamic evolution law of salt heave and frost heave of saline soil in the Daqing area during freeze-thaw cycles and its influence on the structural safety of canal slope lining, NaHCO3 silty clay was selected as the research object. A scaled model test of canal slope was conducted. The Cambridge model was modified by introducing the salt heave effect. A water-heat-salt-stress four-field coupled finite element model of a trapezoidal canal slope under open conditions was established. The accuracy of the model was verified. The test results show that under unsaturated conditions, when the NaHCO3 concentration in soil is 0.93% and 3.16%, respectively, the salt-frost heave force exhibits peak characteristics with a minimum value and a maximum value. Under freeze-thaw cycles, the maximum principal tensile stress of the slope foundation soil reaches 1.4 MPa. This value exceeds the design tensile strength of C20 concrete. This result indicates that the existing lining structure has a risk of cracking. With the increase in freeze-thaw cycles, the freezing front gradually extends inward. After the fourth freeze-thaw cycle, the maximum disturbance depth of the slope surface reaches 1.75 m. At the same time, soil moisture migrates upward significantly. The water content at 0.5 m above the canal bottom increases by about 2%. Salt accumulates significantly at 3 mm below the slope surface. The salt supply layer is mainly distributed within the depth range of 0.1 m and 0.25 m. Based on the experimental and numerical results, it is suggested that a large-diameter rockfill layer should be installed during the excavation stage in canal slope engineering in the Daqing area. C25 concrete should be used as the slope lining material. These measures improve the overall stability and durability of canal slopes under salt-freeze conditions.
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