College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2026-01-16
2026-10-18
2026-04-02
Online Date
2026-10-30
PDF (15861K)
摘要
为解决大型复杂人工鱼礁制造、运输及近海安装成本高的问题,并满足深远海海洋牧场建设对低成本、高稳定性礁体结构的需求,提出了一种小鱼礁自由堆叠成大鱼礁的设计理念,即通过投放多个易于互相搭接的小型礁体单元,随机堆积形成稳定的大型礁堆结构,降低鱼礁投放的施工设备需求及安装难度,以完成低成本深远海成礁。由小鱼礁随机投放堆叠成大鱼礁,需要对小鱼礁的几何结构、投放数量以及大鱼礁的稳定性进行精细设计,所以,采用离散元方法(discrete element method,DEM)对鱼礁的投放施工过程进行数值模拟,考察鱼礁与鱼礁之间的作用力及鱼礁个体的堆集效果,并通过比较所形成礁堆的空间增长率、鱼礁堆集高度、鱼礁底面积、鱼礁坡度等几何参数,分析鱼礁结构的搭接效果,优化鱼礁块体的结构形状。同时,还开展了振动台堆积实验,验证了堆集鱼礁的稳定性。结果表明:DEM 模型可有效模拟小型礁体单元的投放堆积过程,通过对比礁堆几何参数能实现鱼礁单体结构形状的优化;自堆叠礁体单元能够实现快速堆积与稳定搭接,最终形成具有良好空间结构与力学稳定性的大型礁堆,为深远海人工鱼礁低成本建设与规模化应用提供了一种新的技术路径。
Abstract
To address the high costs associated with the manufacturing, transportation, and offshore installation of large and complex artificial reefs, and to meet the demand for low-cost and highly stable reef structures in deep-sea marine ranching, a novel design concept in which small reef units are freely stacked to form a large-scale reef was proposed. Specifically, multiple small-scale reef units, designed for easy interlocking, are randomly deployed and accumulated to form a stable large reef structure. This approach reduces the requirements for deployment equipment and installation complexity, thereby enabling cost-effective reef construction in deep offshore environments. The formation of large reef structures through the random stacking of small units requires careful design of the unit geometry, deployment quantity, and overall structural stability. Therefore, the discrete element method (DEM) was employed to numerically simulate the deployment and stacking process, investigating the interaction forces between reef units and their accumulation behavior. By comparing geometric parameters of the resulting reef mound, such as spatial growth rate, stacking height, base area, and slope, the interlocking performance of the reef structure was analyzed, and the unit geometry was further optimized. In addition, shaking table experiments were conducted to validate the stability of the stacked reef structure. The results demonstrate that the DEM model can effectively reproduce the stacking process of small reef units, and that optimization of unit geometry can be achieved through comparative analysis of reef mound parameters. The self-stacking reef units exhibit rapid accumulation and stable interlocking, ultimately forming a large-scale reef structure with a favorable spatial configuration and mechanical stability. This study provides a new technical pathway for the low-cost construction and large-scale application of artificial reefs in deep offshore environments.
LIU Zhen-kun, JIN Zhi-han, GAO Rong-ze, REN Xing-yue.
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Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(29): 12496-12506 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2600350
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