1 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
2 School of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2026-01-13
2026-10-18
2026-03-25
Online Date
2026-10-23
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摘要
针对在风光电站复杂噪声环境下,直埋电缆的缺陷定位精度因强噪声干扰而严重下降的工程难题,提出一种基于多物理场噪声耦合机理建模与集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)-奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)两阶段联合降噪的频域反射(frequency domain reflectometry,FDR)缺陷精确定位方法。首先,建立融合机械振动与电磁脉冲干扰的电缆分布式参数多物理场耦合模型,从理论上揭示了复合噪声对行波信号的耦合路径与影响机理。在此基础上,提出一种EEMD与SVD的两阶段联合降噪算法:EEMD阶段自适应分离电缆信号中的宽带噪声,SVD阶段则对主导本征模态函数进行秩约束重构,进一步有效抑制电缆信号中的残余窄带噪声,实现信号的高保真恢复。仿真与实验结果表明,该方法在信噪比低至0 dB的强噪声背景下,仍能将电缆缺陷定位精度提升至99.7%以上,平均定位误差小于1 m,且对不同程度的缺陷均表现出良好的适应性与鲁棒性。研究成果为新能源场站等强噪声环境下电缆缺陷的精确定位提供了有效的技术途径,所提出的噪声建模与联合降噪框架具有明确的工程推广价值。
Abstract
To address the engineering challenge of severely degraded defect localization accuracy in directly buried cables due to intense noise interference in the complex noise environment of wind and photovoltaic power stations, a frequency domain reflection (FDR) defect precise positioning method based on multi-physical-field noise coupling mechanism modeling and a two-stage joint noise reduction approach of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)-singular value decomposition (SVD) was proposed. First, a distributed parameter multi-physics coupling model of cables integrating mechanical vibration and electromagnetic pulse interference was established, theoretically revealing the coupling pathways and influence mechanisms of composite noise on traveling wave signals. On this basis, a two-stage joint denoising algorithm of EEMD and SVD was proposed, the EEMD stage adaptively separated broadband noise in cable signals, while the SVD stage reconstructed the dominant eigenmode function with rank constraints, further effectively suppressing residual narrowband noise in cable signals and achieving high fidelity signal recovery. Simulation and experimental results show that this method can still improve the accuracy of cable defect localization to over 99.7% in strong noise backgrounds with signal-to-noise ratios as low as 0 dB, with an average localization error of less than 1 m. It also exhibits good adaptability and robustness to different degrees of defects. The research results provide an effective technical approach for precise positioning of cable defects in strong noise environments such as new energy stations. The proposed noise modeling and joint noise reduction framework has clear engineering promotion value.
FENG Yi-hang, LIU Pei-jin, TIAN Yuan, SUN Yu.
A Method for Precise Localization of Cable FDR Defects Based on Multi-physics Noise Coupling Modeling and Two-stage Joint Denoising[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(28): 12240-12252 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2600246
针对现有FDR法在风光电站复杂噪声环境中定位精度劣化及单一降噪方法不足的问题,从多物理场耦合视角出发,旨在系统揭示机械与电磁噪声对电缆行波传播的耦合作用机理,并据此提出一种两阶段联合降噪的创新解决方案。首先,建立融合机械振动与电磁脉冲噪声源的电缆分布式参数等效模型,从理论上阐明多物理场噪声的耦合机制及其对FDR定位信号的干扰路径;在此基础上,提出一种EEMD与奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)的两阶段联合降噪算法,其中EEMD负责宽带噪声的初步分离,SVD则针对主导IMF分量进行秩约束重构[11],以深度抑制残余窄带噪声,从而突破单一EEMD的性能瓶颈;最后,通过建立仿真模型与搭建实物实验平台,系统验证所提方法在低信噪比条件下对电缆缺陷的定位精度与鲁棒性,实现对不同缺陷阻抗下的直埋电缆缺陷99.7%以上的定位精度。研究成果为强噪声背景下风光电站集电线路的早期缺陷诊断提供理论依据与技术支撑,有助于降低电缆故障引发的非计划停机风险及运维成本。对于提升新能源场站供电可靠性、保障大规模新能源安全稳定并网具有重要的工程意义。
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