1 Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
2 Sichuan Fire Research Institute, Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu 610036, China
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Revised
2026-01-10
2026-09-18
2026-05-16
Online Date
2026-10-09
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摘要
黄土高原作为我国典型的生态脆弱区,受气候变化与人类活动叠加影响,野火风险日益复杂且呈增强态势。识别野火危险性的时空特征并评估其潜在生态影响,对区域生态安全与火灾防控具有重要意义。基于2001—2024年多时期野火数据,系统分析了野火活动的时序演变规律,采用机器学习算法构建野火危险性模型,并耦合生态系统服务价值(ecosystem service value,ESV)开展生态风险评估。结果表明:野火危险性呈现显著时空分异性,夏、秋季及非防火期野火活动呈显著增长趋势,揭示了传统防火期外火险压力日益增大的新特征;春、冬季及防火期的高危险区分布范围更广,呈连续带状分布。危险性因子的驱动机制在不同时期存在差异,明确了气象、植被与人类活动贡献的季节变化规律。ESV空间分布呈东南高、西北低的梯度格局,春、冬季及防火期是生态风险管控的关键时期,其高风险区域连续性高,预期ESV损失显著高于其他时期。研究结果可为黄土高原地区制定时空差异化防火策略与维护生态安全提供科学支撑。
Abstract
The Loess Plateau, a typical ecologically fragile region in China, is increasingly facing complex and intensified wildfire risks due to the combined impacts of climate change and human activities. Identifying the spatiotemporal patterns of wildfire hazard and assessing its potential ecological impacts are crucial for regional ecological security and fire prevention. Based on multi-period wildfire data from 2001 to 2024, the temporal evolution patterns of wildfire activity were systematically analyzed, a wildfire hazard model was constructed using machine learning algorithms, and it was coupled with ESV(ecosystem service value ) to conduct an ecological risk assessment.The results show that: wildfire hazard is characterized by significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. A significant increasing trend is observed in wildfire activity during summer and autumn as well as during the non-fire-prevention period, revealing a new feature of increasing fire risk outside the traditional fire-prevention period. During spring and winter, as well as during the fire-prevention period, the high-hazard areas are more extensively distributed, exhibiting a continuous zonal pattern. The driving mechanisms of hazard factors are found to differ across periods, and the seasonal variations in the contributions of meteorology, vegetation, and human activities are identified. The spatial distribution of ESV is characterized by a gradient pattern, with higher values in the southeast and lower values in the northwest. Spring and winter, as well as the fire-prevention period, are identified as the critical periods for ecological risk management and control, during which the high-risk areas are characterized by strong continuity, and the expected ESV losses are significantly greater than those in other periods. The findings provide scientific support for developing spatiotemporally differentiated fire prevention strategies and for maintaining ecological security in the Loess Plateau.
野火灾害的发生会破坏地表植被结构,降低生态系统的稳定性与服务供给能力。为定量评估黄土高原地区生态系统在野火作用下的潜在受损风险,依据联合国人道主义事务部(United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs, UNDHA)提出的灾害风险框架,构建野火生态风险评估模型[35]。
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