In order to fully tap the flexible regulation potential of electric vehicles in residential areas and relieve the pressure caused by disorderly charging on power grid operation and new energy consumption, a response model was improved and constructed for electric vehicle charging behavior in response to the shortcomings of traditional time of use electricity pricing period division and pricing optimization. For the first time, a quantitative model for the spatiotemporal coupling degree of new energy charging load was established, and a multi-objective time of use electricity pricing optimization model with improved fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm and improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was proposed. The optimization mechanism of time of use electricity pricing for residents’ slow charging scenarios was studied, which took into account power grid safety, new energy consumption, user costs, and charging pile operator benefits. The results show that the improved fuzzy C-means clustering method can realize the reasonable division of peak, average and valley periods guided by new energy consumption. The time of use pricing scheme formed on this basis can effectively guide the transfer of charging load from the peak period of power grid to the new energy friendly period, reduce the peak valley difference of power grid by 28.18 MW, and improve the overall coupling degree of new energy charging load from -0.274 to 0.457. At the same time, under the premise of controllable increase in user charging costs, the revenue of charging pile operators increases significantly. It can be seen that the proposed method for optimizing the time of use electricity price of residential charging pile can effectively stimulate the flexible adjustment ability of electric vehicles, and realize the collaborative optimization of new energy consumption, stable operation of power grid and multi-agent economic benefits.
WANG Yong-li, XING Jing-xian, GUO Lu.
Optimization of Time of Use Electricity Prices for Residential Charging Piles Considering the Flexible Adjustment Capability of Electric Vehicles[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(28): 12227-12239 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2600005
目前,中外学者针对电动汽车用户行为以及通过分时电价引导用户行为开展了大量研究。在用户行为研究方面,可以从充电时段特征、单次充电特征、充电前后荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)情况等用户充电行为剖析电动汽车的运行特征[3]。文献[4]使用20 000多个样本分析电动汽车充电行为,深入了解充电时间、持续时间、能耗和电力负载趋势。文献[5]提到用户的充电行为会通过相关因素影响电网的稳定性,具备充电时间响应弹性高、充电电量响应弹性高和充放电响应弹性高等特征的电动汽车用户更适合参与车网互动。文献[6]通过进一步揭示电动汽车可调节功率与SOC、里程价格的关联关系,有效挖掘电动汽车的调节潜力。电价作为影响用户行为的核心因素。文献[7]通过建立价格弹性矩阵体现电能价格与用户响应之间的关系。文献[8]引入反映电动汽车用户对电价变化敏感性的函数,为后续电价机制设计奠定了基础。
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