
科学技术与工程

中国技术经济学会
超特高压油浸纸套管内部放电故障监测技术研究现状及展望
赵朔阳 , 黄道春 , 王一鸣 , 廖玲 , 洪波 , 何煦 , 肖畅
科学技术与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (25) :10661-10677
超特高压油浸纸套管内部放电故障监测技术研究现状及展望
Current Status and Future Prospects of Internal Discharge Fault Monitoring Technology for EHV/UHV Oil-impregnated Paper Bushing
超特高压油浸纸套管是大型电力变压器、换流变压器等关键装备的重要绝缘与载流部件,长期处于强电、高温与强力的多物理场环境,一旦内部缺陷演化为高能电弧故障,可能引发爆燃并严重威胁电网与人员安全。系统综述了油浸纸套管内绝缘老化机理,归纳了表征绝缘缺陷的不同特征量的变化规律;围绕局部放电、介电响应、油中溶解气体、温度与压力等特征参量,梳理了电量、非电量与多参量监测技术的发展现状及适用边界;总结了火花放电阶段与早期电弧阶段的可观测特征及检测方法,其中压力信号被认为与高能电弧的关联性最强。基于综述分析,后续研究应聚焦于建立“真实工况多场耦合-微观反应路径-宏观可测参量”统一老化机理模型,完善复杂与并发故障条件下的多参量诊断判据与分级预警阈值,开展超特高压套管真型电弧故障试验与多尺度仿真协同研究,完善“电弧放电-绝缘油产气-压力波传递”全过程机理,指导建立超特高压油浸纸套管多参量综合监测系统与主动防御体系。
EHV/UHV oil-impregnated paper bushings are important insulating and current-carrying components of key equipment such as large power transformers and converter transformers, and they are exposed to multi-physics field conditions characterized by strong electric fields, high temperatures, and strong mechanical stresses for long periods. Once internal defects evolve into high-energy arc faults, explosion and combustion may be triggered, and power grid security as well as personnel safety may be seriously threatened. The aging mechanisms of the internal insulation of oil-impregnated paper bushings were systematically reviewed, and the variation laws of different characteristic quantities used to characterize insulation defects were summarized. Around characteristic parameters including partial discharge, dielectric response, dissolved gases in oil, temperature, and pressure, the development status and applicability boundaries of electrical-parameter, non-electrical-parameter, and multi-parameter monitoring technologies were sorted out. The observable features and detection methods in the spark discharge stage and the early arc stage were summarized, and pressure signals were considered to have the strongest correlation with high-energy arc faults. Based on the review analysis, subsequent research should focus on establishing a unified aging mechanism model of “multi-field coupling under real operating conditions-microscopic reaction pathways-macroscopic measurable parameters”, improving multi-parameter diagnostic criteria and graded early-warning thresholds under complex and concurrent fault conditions, carrying out full-scale arc-fault tests of EHV/UHV bushings in coordination with multi-scale simulations, refining the full-process mechanism of “arc discharge-gas generation in insulating oil-pressure wave propagation”, thereby providing guidance for the establishment of a multi-parameter integrated monitoring system and an active defense framework for EHV/UHV oil-impregnated paper bushings.
油浸纸套管 / 绝缘老化 / 故障监测 / 压力特征 / 电弧放电故障
oil-impregnated paper bushing / insulation aging / fault monitoring / pressure characteristics / arc discharge fault
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国家重点研发计划(2023YFB2407000)
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