In the context of the “dual carbon” goal and high-quality development, promoting urban vitality enhancement and carbon reduction has become a critical issue for sustainable urban development. Taking Fuzhou, a typical mountain-sea city, as an example, a six-dimensional urban vitality evaluation system encompassing social, economic, cultural, spatial, environmental, and policy dimensions was constructed based on multi-source data. Combined with carbon emission data and using townships as the basic analytical unit, bivariate spatial autocorrelation and OPGD (optimal parameters-based geographical detector) were employed to reveal the spatial differentiation and driving pathways of urban vitality and carbon emissions. The findings reveal that Fuzhou exhibits a concentric circle structure characterized by “high vitality with high carbon emission agglomeration in the center, and low vitality with low carbon emissions in the periphery.” However, policy-driven new urban areas, such as the Changle Coastal New Town, display a “leapfrog” high-value zone where carbon emissions outpace vitality, deviating from the traditional concentric pattern. Social, economic, cultural, spatial, and comprehensive vitality are significantly positively correlated with carbon emissions, whereas environmental and policy vitality show significant negative correlations, indicating that ecosystems and policy interventions play key regulatory roles in carbon reduction. Weibo check-in density, land-use functional mix, and GDP are identified as the core explanatory factors for the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions, with their interactions exhibiting nonlinear synergistic amplification effects. Additionally, the total fishery production value and TPI (topographic position index) exert significant driving forces on carbon emissions, highlighting the unique characteristics of mountain-sea cities. The study proposes strategies including precise zonal regulation, coordinated policy-environment governance, and the construction of a resilient mountain-sea synergistic pattern, providing scientific evidence and decision-making references for achieving synergistic enhancements in vitality and carbon reduction in mountain-sea cities.
目前中外学者已经对城市活力进行了大量的研究,主要集中在城市活力的评估[9]、空间分异[10]以及影响因素研究[11]。从评价方法上看,部分学者采用人流量[12]、社交媒体签到数据[13]等指标来直接进行城市活力的测度,这类研究从单一维度进行评价,未能揭示人类活动与空间环境之间的交互关系,难以全面揭示城市活力的特征[3]。为此部分学者构建社会、经济、文化、空间等多维度的综合评价体系,来弥补单一维度评价的不足[14-15]。而近年来随着大数据在城市研究中的运用,越来越多的学者开始结合夜间灯光[16]、人口热力图[17]、兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据[7]、位置服务[18]等多源数据进行城市活力评价,为精细化的城市活力评估提供了有利条件。从城市活力的分布格局以及影响因素来看,城市中心区域活力值较高,边缘地区功能组成单一,城市活力较低[19-20]。而造成城市活力分布存在空间异质性的主要影响因素包括交通可达性[7]、城市空间结构[8]、地理区位[21]、旅游发展和对外贸易[22]等,这些因素共同影响着城市活力的分布。
采用人为二氧化碳开源数据库(open-source data inventory for anthropogenic CO2, ODIAC)最新版本的2023年碳排放数据(http://db.cger.nies.go.jp/dataset/ODIAC/),空间分辨率为1 km×1 km,相对于EDGAR等数据集具有更高的精度和分辨率[3],目前已被广泛运用于碳排放的相关研究[37]。
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