1 School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
2 Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
3 Experiment & Inspection Center for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-11-07
2026-10-18
2026-04-07
Online Date
2026-10-23
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摘要
天然气水合物是21世纪重要的潜在战略能源,但其商业化开采仍面临产能低与储层失稳等关键挑战。降压法作为主流开采方法,其关键工程参数(如开采井压力与长度)对开采效率与安全性的影响机制亟待深入研究。基于中国南海神狐海域SH7站位的实际地质背景,利用非饱和地下水与热传输-水合物模拟软件(transport of unsaturated groundwater and heat + hydrate,TOUGH+HYDRATE)建立了泥质粉砂型水合物储层降压开采的数值模型,系统模拟并分析了不同开采井压力与开采井长度对开采产能、水合物饱和度分布及储层胶结强度演化的影响规律。结果表明:开采产能方面,降低开采井压力与增加开采井长度均能提升产气速率与累计产气量,但均存在边际效益递减现象;同时,二者均会显著加剧产水量,导致气水比下降,影响开采经济性。储层力学特性方面,水合物分解区呈“上-下快、中部慢”的倒尖锥形非均匀扩展,主要源于储层上下边界因流体对流产生的高效传热与中部区域仅能依靠低效热传导所导致的供热不足;储层胶结强度(以参数L表征)的劣化范围随开采井压力降低和井长增加而显著扩大,且其分布与水合物饱和度非完全同步,揭示了热-流-力多场耦合的复杂作用机制。综合而言,为实现安全高效开采,需在追求高产能与维持储层稳定性之间寻求平衡,避免因过于激进的参数设计(如过低的开采压力或过长的井段)而诱发严重的出砂、井筒失稳或地层不均匀沉降等工程风险。研究成果可为海域泥质粉砂型天然气水合物降压开采的工程参数优化提供理论依据。
Abstract
Natural gas hydrates are considered a significant potential strategic energy resource for the 21st century. However, their commercial exploitation is still constrained by low production efficiency and reservoir instability. Among the available extraction methods, depressurization is regarded as the most practical approach. Nevertheless, the influence mechanisms of key engineering parameters, such as production well pressure and well length, on production performance and reservoir safety remain insufficiently clarified. Based on the actual geological conditions of the SH7 site in the Shenhu Area of the South China Sea, a numerical model for depressurization-induced production in a clayey-silt hydrate reservoir was established using the transport of unsaturated groundwater and heat + hydrate (TOUGH+HYDRATE) simulator. The effects of different production well pressures and well lengths on gas production performance, hydrate saturation distribution, and the evolution of reservoir cementation strength were systematically simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that in terms of production capacity, both decreasing production well pressure and increasing well length enhance the gas production rate and cumulative gas yield, although diminishing marginal returns are observed. Meanwhile, water production is significantly increased, and the gas-to-water ratio is reduced, which may negatively affect economic efficiency. In terms of reservoir mechanical behavior, a non-uniform inverted-cone-shaped expansion pattern of the hydrate dissociation zone is observed. Faster propagation occurs near the top and bottom boundaries, while slower progression appears in the central region. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to more efficient convective heat transfer near reservoir boundaries and limited conductive heat transfer in the central zone. The deterioration range of reservoir cementation strength, represented by parameter L, expands markedly with decreasing well pressure and increasing well length. Its spatial distribution does not completely coincide with that of hydrate saturation, indicating complex thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling effects. Overall, safe and efficient hydrate exploitation requires a balance between high productivity and reservoir stability. Excessively low production pressure or overly long well sections should be avoided to reduce engineering risks such as sand production, wellbore instability, and uneven formation subsidence. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing engineering parameters in depressurization-based production of marine clayey-silt gas hydrate reservoirs.
JIA Rui, WANG Yu-qiu, HAO Dai-heng, QIAO Xiao-li.
Impact of Production Well Pressure and Length on Natural Gas Hydrate Production Capacity and Reservoir Mechanical Properties[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(28): 12179-12188 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2507755
在储层力学特性演化方面,中外学者同样通过室内试验与数值模拟开展了大量研究。Hyodo等[16]对比分析了注热法与降压法对含水合物沉积物强度与变形特性的影响。Song等[17]与Yoneda等[18]指出,水合物分解会显著削弱沉积物强度与刚度,且有效围压越低,强度衰减越明显。Li等[19]进一步表明,有效围压对体变特征具有显著影响,高围压条件下更易发生剪缩。Lee等[20]强调水合物解离比对储层力学性质具有重要控制作用。Wang等[21]通过降压试验揭示了开采参数与储层变形及产能之间的相关性。Zhao等[22]通过三轴试验揭示了细粒含水合物沉积物的力学特性,并建立了可统一描述砂性与黏性水合物沉积物行为的本构模型。在数值模拟方面,Rutqvist等[23]耦合非饱和地下水与热传输-水合物模拟软件(transport of unsaturated groundwater and heat + hydrate,TOUGH+HYDRATE)与快速拉格朗日连续介质分析(fast Lagrangian analysis of continua,FLAC)程序,模拟了降压开采过程中的地质力学响应。Uchida等[24]与窦晓峰等[25]构建多场耦合模型,揭示了水合物分解与出砂之间的动态关系。陈意茹[26]指出,过大的降压幅值可能导致储层显著弱化与不均匀沉降,有效应力增长是变形的重要诱因。Wu等[27]与Dou等[28]基于离散元方法分析了不同分解模式与分解率对沉积物力学行为的影响,发现水合物分解会促使沉积物由脆性向延性转变。总体而言,现有研究系统揭示了水合物分解对储层强度、刚度及变形特性的影响,但针对关键开采参数变化条件下储层力学响应与产能演化之间的协同关系仍缺乏系统定量分析,有必要进一步开展深入研究。
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