
科学技术与工程

中国技术经济学会
基于卡口数据的高速公路交通流预测
王启明 , 白继根 , 冯斯特 , 马登云 , 张全营 , 李世发 , 赵建东
科学技术与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (29) :12803-12809
基于卡口数据的高速公路交通流预测
Highway Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Checkpoint Data
为提高高速公路交通流预测精度,结合S-G滤波器、双向长短时记忆网络(bidirectional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)、门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit, GRU)等方法,提出了基于S-G滤波器的BiLSTM-GRU组合模型进行高速公路短时交通流预测。首先,该组合模型使用S-G滤波器合理去除数据中的噪声和异常波动,解决模型难以捕捉高速交通流量波动性较大的问题;其次,使用BiLSTM,根据其双向优势捕捉交通流数据的长期依赖关系与时间模式;再次,利用GRU的自动学习特征,高效提取与转换BiLSTM的输出特征并输出预测值;最后,采用平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)、均方误差(mean square error,MSE)与平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)对预测结果进行评价分析。实例分析选取京哈高速天津界(唐山段)104 km主线卡口沈阳方向交通流数据,对组合模型预测性能进行分析,结果表明:基于S-G滤波器的BiLSTM-GRU组合模型相比传统单一模型及其他组合模型,MSE改善了0.75~51.28、MAE改善了0.14~3.82、MAPE改善了0.95%~20.84%。可见,基于S-G滤波器的BiLSTM-GRU组合模型能够合理去除数据中的噪声和异常波动,提高高速公路短时交通流预测精度,为高速公路交通流管控提供理论依据。
In order to improve the prediction accuracy of expressway traffic flow, combined with S-G filter, bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM), gated recurrent unit(GRU) and other methods, a BiLSTM-GRU combined model based on S-G filter was proposed to predict the short-term traffic flow of expressways. First, the S-G filter was employed to reasonably remove noise and abnormal fluctuations from the data, addressing the issue of models struggling to capture the high volatility of traffic flow. Second, BiLSTM was utilized to leverage its bidirectional advantage in capturing long-term dependencies and temporal patterns in traffic flow data. Third, GRU was employed to automatically learn features, efficiently extracting and transforming the output features of BiLSTM to produce predicted values. Finally, the mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to evaluate and analyze the prediction results. The case analysis selects the traffic flow data of the 104 km main line bayonet Shenyang direction of the Beijing-Harbin Expressway in Tianjin (Tangshan section), and analyzes the prediction performance of the combined model. The results show that the BiLSTM-GRU combined model based on S-G filter improves MSE by 0.75 to 51.28, MAE by 0.14 to 3.82, and MAPE by 0.95% to 20.84% compared with the traditional single model and other combined models. It can be seen that the BiLSTM-GRU combined model based on S-G filter can reasonably remove noise and abnormal fluctuations in the data, improve the prediction accuracy of short-term traffic flow on expressways, and provide a theoretical basis for traffic flow control on expressways.
智能交通 / 组合预测 / S-G滤波器 / 双向长短时记忆网络 / 门控循环单元 / 短时交通流预测
intelligent transport / combined prediction / S-G filter / bidirectional long short-term memory network / gated recurrent unit / short-term traffic flow prediction
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(72371019)
北京云星宇交通科技股份有限公司2024年度科研项目(X9224147)
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