1 Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Characteristic Resource Utilization in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
2 Anhui Lake Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230040, China
3 River and Lake Management Center of Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221000, China
4 Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
To address the limited joint quantification of flow structures and water purification performance in shallow rivers and lakes and in constructed wetlands, as well as the difficulty of validating models at different scales under matched scenarios, two hydrodynamic models were developed: a graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated two-dimensional model based on the shallow water equations and a three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model with porous-medium parameterization. Annular-flume experiments were conducted under still-water, current, and wave conditions using Pontederia cordata, Thalia dealbata, and Acorus calamus as monocultures, together with an equal-number mixed-species treatment. Benchmark tests showed that the two-dimensional model reliably reproduced mixed flow with a hydraulic jump, steady subcritical flow, wetting and drying, and coupled runoff generation and routing, with a maximum relative error not exceeding 8.28%. Using experimental data from a rigid-vegetation channel as a benchmark, the two-dimensional model was more suitable for assessing overall flow resistance and longitudinal water-level trends at the regional scale, whereas the three-dimensional model was better suited to resolving localized nonlinear flow structures under conditions of pronounced local disturbance. Water-quality responses were both indicator- and species-dependent: current and wave conditions enhanced total nitrogen (TN) removal by P. cordata, whereas still-water conditions generally favored total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium nitrogen ($\mathit{N}{\mathit{H}}_{4}^{+}$-N) removal in several plant treatments. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) showed no consistent response to hydrodynamic regime, and the equal-number mixed-species treatment did not exhibit a consistent synergistic purification benefit. These findings provide a scientific basis for model selection, plant configuration, and hydrodynamic regulation in the ecological restoration of rivers, lakes, and wetlands.
WANG Cun-shi, WU Wen-qiang, ZHOU Qian-qian, WANG Hui-li, ZHANG Xiao-ke, ZHU Jian-zhong.
Multiscale Hydrodynamic Modeling of Emergent Macrophyte-water Interactions and Characterization of Water Quality Responses[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(27): 11953-11963 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2507644
在数值模拟方面,二维浅水方程(shallow water equations,SWE)凭借计算高效、易于与溶质输运-反应耦合等优势被广泛应用[8-9];但在起伏地形、干湿交替与小水深条件下,需要借助稳态保持策略与非负水深处理(如静压/水面重构),以维持通量-源项平衡和数值稳定性[10-11]。三维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)模型能够解析垂向非均匀性与局地紊动结构[12],常通过动量汇或多孔介质参数化表征植被冠层阻力,并将阻力系数与迎风面积密度、株径、密度等几何参数相关联[13],实现从植株尺度到群落-水动力响应的模型闭合。总体而言,二维SWE与三维RANS在“效率-精度”上形成互补,为阐释挺水植物通流与水质净化机制提供了多尺度研究途径。
式(5)中:u为速度;p为压力;μ和μt分别为分子黏度与湍流黏度;Sv为植被区动量汇项。采用两方程湍流闭合(如realizable k-ε);μt由相应的输运方程计算。自由水面采用流体体积法(volume of fluid,VOF)方法追踪,界面采用几何重构,重力源项ρg显式加入动量方程;在本研究流动尺度下忽略表面张力。不解析单株几何,植被冠层按多孔介质/体力项处理,动量汇表示为
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