1 State Key Laboratory of Tunnel Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
2 School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China
3 Research Institute of New Material and Intelligent Equipment, Shandong University (Qihe), Dezhou 251100, China
4 School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
5 Shandong Luqiao Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250014, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-10-29
2026-07-18
2026-03-09
Online Date
2026-08-04
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摘要
低液限粉土因其不良工程性质,需经过加固处理才能应用于实际工程。以硅灰为主要胶凝材料,生石灰和硅酸钠为碱性激发剂,采用响应面法中的Box-Behnken法研究了固废基胶凝材料固化粉土的效果。通过单因素试验确定了因素水平,以7 d和28 d无侧限抗压强度(UCS)为响应指标,分析了硅酸钠,生石灰,硅灰三者掺量及其交互作用对固化土强度的影响。结果表明:硅酸钠与硅灰掺量对固化土无侧限抗压强度影响显著,而生石灰单独作用不明显;交互项生石灰-硅灰明显影响7 d的UCS,硅酸钠-生石灰和硅酸钠-硅灰明显影响28 d的UCS。固化剂最优配比为硅酸钠∶生石灰∶硅灰=10.44∶21.12∶30.21,此时7 d和28 d UCS预测值分别为1.15、3.99 MPa,相比水泥土强度分别提升51.3%、252.3%。
Abstract
Due to its poor engineering properties, silty soil with low liquid limit must undergo reinforcement treatment before it can be applied in practical engineering. Silica fume was used as the main cementitious material, and quicklime and sodium silicate were adopted as alkaline activators. The Box-Behnken method within the response surface methodology was employed to investigate systematically the solidification effect of solid waste-based cementitious materials on silty soil. Factor levels were determined through preliminary single-factor experiments, and the 7-day and 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were taken as key response indicators to analyze the effects of sodium silicate, quicklime, silica fume, and their interactions on the strength of the solidified soil. The results show that the content of sodium silicate and silica fume has a statistically significant impact on the UCS of the solidified soil, while the independent effect of quicklime on the UCS of the solidified soil is not particularly obvious. Specifically, the interaction term of quicklime-silica fume significantly affects the 7-day UCS of the solidified soil, and the interaction terms of sodium silicate-quicklime and sodium silicate-silica fume significantly affect the 28-day UCS of the solidified soil. The optimal ratio of the proposed curing agent is determined as sodium silicate∶quicklime∶silica fume = 10.44∶21.12∶30.21, and the predicted values of the 7-day and 28-day UCS are 1.15 MPa and 3.99 MPa, respectively, which are 51.3% and 252.3% higher than the strength of cement-stabilized soil.
YA Wen-hao, ZHANG Qian-qing, CUI Wei, LI Wen-jie, CAO Jing-guang.
Experimental Study on Solidifying Silt with Solid Waste-based Cementitious Materials Based on Response Surface Methodology[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(20): 8503-8512 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2507521
通过上述分析可知固化土的UCS单因素效应显著,且生石灰与硅灰、硅酸钠与生石灰的交互作用对强度发展具有先增强后抑制的影响。因此在理论层面存在一个最优配合比可使固化土的抗压强度达到最优。采用Design-Expert软件进行设计优化,确定最优配合比为硅酸钠∶生石灰∶硅灰=10.44∶21.12∶30.21,经模型计算得到固化土7 d和28 d UCS预测值分别为1.15、3.99 MPa。
为验证所建立预测模型的准确性以及固化剂固化粉土的优越性,根据软件所给最优配合比分别在5%,10%,15%,20%的外掺量比例下进行6组固化土试块制备,同时制备对应外掺量比例的水泥土试块,在养护到7 d和28 d时开展无侧限抗压强度试验,试验结果如表6所示,在外掺量比例为5%时,水泥土7 d强度太小,导致无法测出;在外掺量为15%时,固化土7 d UCS为1.18 MPa,实测值略高于预测值,相对误差为2.6%;28 d UCS为3.84 MPa,实测值略低于预测值,相对误差为3.8%。两者相对误差的绝对值均小于5%,表明该固化土预测模型具有较高的参考价值。
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