To address the problems of easily broken cuttings, severe cuttings bed accumulation, and non-linear increase in friction caused by high clay content in horizontal well drilling of Jurassic continental shale oil in Block J of the Sichuan Basin, the formation rate of cuttings bed was reduced through optimization of drilling parameters, and deposited cuttings were removed by sand cleaning joints at the same time, forming a “prevention-removal” closed loop. The goal was to control the thickness of the cuttings bed within 5% of the well diameter, so as to solved the problem of cuttings bed in long horizontal sections that was difficult to be handled by a single technology. The key drilling parameters ensuring a low formation of cuttings bed were simulated and optimized, and the optimal combination of drilling parameters and the primary and secondary relationships of influencing factors were determined through orthogonal simulation analysis. By introducing a horizontal section correction factor, the Moore cuttings slip velocity model was modified, and the optimal spacing for cuttings removal tools was quantified. Field applications demonstrate a 63% reduction in sliding friction, a 23% decrease in rotational torque, and a 40% shortening of the drilling cycle in J110-8-1H well and J110-8-3H well. This technology provides theoretical and practical guidance for safe and efficient drilling in continental high-clay formations.
在全球能源结构加速向低碳化转型的背景下,非常规油气资源已成为保障能源安全的重要战略接替。据国际能源署(International Energy Agency,IEA)统计,全球页岩油气技术可采储量占油气资源总量的40%以上,而中国陆相页岩油气资源潜力尤为突出,技术可采资源量达2.5×109 t油当量。四川盆地作为中国页岩气勘探开发的核心区域,其陆相页岩油气的开发仍面临显著技术瓶颈。J区块作为四川盆地中部侏罗系陆相页岩油气重点勘探区,储层高黏土含量等复杂地质特征导致钻井过程中岩屑床堆积严重、摩阻扭矩非线性攀升等问题日益突出。
在井眼清洁技术研究方面,Erge等[1]通过数值模拟系统分析了钻柱偏心、旋转及环空堵塞三类关键因素对岩屑运移的耦合影响,明确了钻柱旋转可通过强化环空流体扰动改善岩屑携带效果,但该研究未考虑高黏土岩屑的破碎分散特性,难以直接应用于黏性地层。朱娜等[2]针对复杂工况下大位移井的岩屑运移规律展开研究,通过室内实验与现场试验结合,量化了钻柱转速与岩屑清除效率的正相关关系,强调了动态调整转速对井眼清洁的重要性,但其研究聚焦于常规砂岩地层,未涉及高黏土含量导致的岩屑胶体化沉积问题。Ytrehus等[3]采用响应面法构建了钻井液性能参数优化模型,通过多目标优化实现了携岩效率与流阻控制的平衡,该方法为钻井液体系设计提供了高效工具,但未结合机械清砂工具的协同作用,在长水平段单一依赖钻井液性能优化难以彻底解决岩屑床堆积问题。Gharib等[4]将数字孪生技术应用于钻井液流场模拟,精准捕捉了局部流速变化对岩屑床清除的影响机制,为实时调控钻井参数提供了新路径,但该技术对硬件监测设备要求较高,在现场大规模推广仍受限于成本与技术条件。在模型研究方面,陈烨等[5]充分考虑了水平井环空内岩屑颗粒的随机分布特征,建立了岩屑起动流速计算模型,显著提升了不同粒径岩屑运移预测的准确性,但其模型未计入黏土矿物吸水膨胀导致的岩屑粒径动态变化,在高黏土地层预测误差较大。胡金帅等[6]基于计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)-离散元方法(discrete element method,DEM)耦合方法构建了岩屑运移数值模型,成功模拟了岩屑颗粒间的碰撞、团聚及沉降过程,直观呈现了岩屑床形成的动态演化规律,但该模型计算量较大,难以满足现场实时决策的需求。在清洁工具方面,臧传贞等[7]针对小井眼水平井的井眼约束特点,系统研究了洗井参数与岩屑清除效率的关系,提出了适配小井眼的工具结构优化方案,有效提升了窄间隙环空的携岩效果。然而,该研究未明确工具安放间距的量化计算方法,在长水平段应用时易出现清洁盲区。尽管上述研究在井眼清洁技术、数值模型及工具研发等方面取得了显著进展,但在应对J区块高黏土含量、长水平段钻井时,仍存在明显局限:现有研究多聚焦于单一预防或清除技术,缺乏系统性的协同控制思路;模型与工具设计未充分考虑高黏土岩屑的破碎分散、胶体化沉积等特殊规律;技术方案的针对性与普适性难以兼顾。
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