Forest biological firebreaks are considered an essential measure for preventing the spread of forest fires and protecting forest resources. By planting fire-resistant plants to create a fire barrier, the spread of fire can be effectively slowed. To study the impact of firebreak width on forest fire barriers, fire dynamics simulator software was used to construct symmetrical hillside terrain with varying slopes, and BlenderGIS was employed to obtain and simplify a typical forest field in the Lingnan region. Simulation tests were conducted by modifying the width of the firebreak at the top of the slope. The results indicate that, under symmetrical hillside terrain, a 9 m wide firebreak effectively blocks the spread of surface fires. However, for crown fires, the firebreak is effective in preventing spread on gentle slopes, while steep slopes still show the potential for fire propagation. In the actual terrain, a 3 m wide firebreak is found to be effective in preventing the spread of surface fires. For crown fires, due to the wider and gentler topography of the slopes, crown fires did not spread to the rear slopes, making it difficult to assess the impact of firebreaks on crown fires.
LIU Yang-peng, TANG Bao-sen, WU Ze-peng, SU Yu, WANG Ji-yun, WANG Cheng-an.
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Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(23): 10161-10172 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2507070
目前,森林防火研究主要集中于利用无人机或卫星遥感技术开展林火监测。朱喜军[3]构建了无人机森林防火监测系统,为防火工作提供了实践参考;朱安峰等[4]将地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)与无人机结合应用于森林防火巡视,为森林火灾的早期发现提供了新思路;蓝东平[5]结合卫星遥感数据与地理信息系统,搭建了集监控、预警、评估及指挥于一体的森林防火体系,既能实现火情监测,又能评估火灾强度并提供决策支持;张南[6]基于卫星遥感技术,以温度、湿度、风速及归一化植被指数为指标,分析并验证了该技术在森林火灾实时监控与决策支持中的有效性。尽管这些技术可实现大范围、动态化的火情探测,但仍存在监测滞后、易受天气与云层影响、无法直接干预火势蔓延等局限。
FDS是由美国国家标准技术局(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)开发的开源软件,通过设置可燃物的化学反应参数与热物理参数等,可有效模拟火灾发展过程,并借助后处理软件Smokeview实现模拟结果的可视化。不过,FDS在几何建模方面存在一定局限性,物体设置仅支持长方体,复杂地形模型只能做到近似逼真;但得益于其开源特性,用户可根据需求修改源代码,或开发特定用途的插件与功能。因此,为实现更逼真的森林火灾模拟,选用另一款开源软件Blender及其强大插件BlenderGIS,用于地理信息数据的导入、处理与可视化,再基于开源程序BlenderFDS将地形导出为FDS可调用的二进制地形文件。
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