College of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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Received
Published
Revised
2025-09-30
2026-06-18
2025-11-27
Online Date
2026-08-04
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摘要
为缓解风电功率波动并提升混合储能系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS)的能量分配效果,提出一种融合改进三角拓扑聚合优化算法-变分模态分解(improved triangulation topology aggregation optimizer-variational mode decomposition,ITTAO-VMD)与自适应模式控制的混合储能能量管理方法。首先,在算法层面引入反向学习初始化与自适应高斯变异,对TTAO进行改进,以增强其对VMD参数的寻优效果。其次,在功率分解环节,构建复合适应度函数并提出模态能量分层方法,将HESS功率划分为主体能量层与高频波动层,分别分配至氢储能-蓄电池和超级电容。最后,设计氢储能与蓄电池的自适应协同控制策略,使其在实现主体能量消纳的同时维持自身合理的荷电状态。仿真结果表明,该方法充分发挥了氢储能与蓄电池的能量型优势,减轻了超级电容的容量压力,实现了多类储能之间的优势互补。
Abstract
To alleviate wind power fluctuations and improve the energy allocation performance of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), an energy management method integrating an improved triangulation topology aggregation optimizer-variational mode decomposition (ITTAO-VMD) with an adaptive mode control strategy was proposed. First, opposition-based learning initialization and adaptive Gaussian mutation were introduced to improve the TTAO, thereby enhancing its optimization performance for VMD parameters. Second, in the power decomposition stage, a composite fitness function was constructed and a modal energy hierarchical method was proposed, which decomposed the HESS power into a primary energy layer and a high-frequency fluctuation layer. These components were allocated to the hydrogen-battery subsystem and the supercapacitor, respectively. Finally, an adaptive cooperative control strategy for hydrogen and battery storage was designed to absorb the primary energy while maintaining a reasonable state of charge. The simulation results indicate that the energy-type advantages of hydrogen and battery storage are fully exploited, the capacity burden of the supercapacitor is reduced, and complementarity among different storage types is achieved.
LIU Guan-yu, ZHANG Lei, ZHAI Yun-pei, FENG Zhi-yuan, CHEN Gong, LIU Hang.
Energy Management Method for Hybrid Energy Storage Systems in Wind Farms Based on ITTAO-VMD and Adaptive Mode Control[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(17): 7295-7304 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2507000
然而,单一类型的储能系统因其在运行效率、经济成本或能量/功率密度方面的固有局限,难以独立满足复杂工况下的功率优化需求[4]。因此,能够融合多种储能技术优势的混合储能系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS)成为目前平抑功率波动方面的研究热点[5]。其中,氢储能则因其具有低碳清洁、能量密度高等优势,被视为极具潜力的大容量储能方案[6]。而超级电容器则具备功率密度高、响应速度快等特点。由氢储能与超级电容构建的HESS架构,能够实现跨时间尺度的功率协同互补,为高效消纳不稳定的风电功率提供了一种创新路径[7]。
HESS的性能高度依赖其内部功率分配策略,不合理的功率分配会使各储能无法充分发挥协同效应,导致HESS整体承受不必要的压力,甚至缩短储能设备寿命[8]。因此,如何围绕不同储能单元的特性,构建科学的功率分配机制,是HESS研究中的核心问题[9]。文献[10]通过低通滤波器来平滑风电原始功率信号,但是低通滤波存在一定的时间滞后特性,难以实时响应风电功率的瞬态波动。小波包分解虽能通过多分辨率解析实现频带细分[11],但其分解效果严重依赖小波基函数的选取,尤其是在高频分量的重构上存在局限。文献[12]提出了针对风电大规模并网的电-氢HESS架构,并采取经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)重构原始风电功率,但其没有对EMD分解所得的HESS功率进行深层处理,可能导致各储能最终的功率分配不精确。文献[13]提出基于集合经验模态分解的HESS容量配置方法,在一定程度上减轻了功率分解时的模态混叠现象,但其在各储能功率分频点的划分方面仍缺乏明确策略。文献[14]采用变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)改善功率分解时的模态混叠现象。但其在功率分配时直接根据希尔伯特边际谱选取分频点,主观因素较强,难以充分发挥各储能的性能优势。文献[15]通过引入希尔伯特边际谱能量聚集特性来分析电能质量扰动,显著提升了扰动分类的准确度。这为基于能量特性分配HESS功率提供了启示。文献[16]以VMD低频分量的幅值占比为适应度函数,并采用冠豪猪算法进行优化,从而为蓄电池分配更多功率,但同时也使其承担了部分高频波动。这将导致蓄电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)长期处于亚健康状态,影响其使用寿命。冠豪猪算法虽具有不错的优化效果,但仍存在缺乏变异机制等问题[17]。文献[18]则选用三角拓扑聚合优化算法(triangulation topology aggregation optimizer,TTAO)进行VMD参数寻优,在电磁超声信号降噪方面取得了较好的处理效果。
基于上述研究分析,现提出一种基于ITTAO-VMD与自适应模式控制策略(adaptive mode control strategy,AMCS)的HESS能量管理方法。首先,建立由氢储能-蓄电池与超级电容组成的电-氢HESS协同架构,通过EMD低频重构获取风电并网功率与HESS功率;其次,采用VMD精细化分解HESS功率,为提升分解质量,基于反向学习初始化与自适应高斯变异策略对TTAO算法的种群更新与变异机制进行优化;考虑到储能功率的分解需求,构建了综合考虑模态分离复杂度与相关性的复合适应度指标;然后,通过模态能量分析将HESS功率分解结果划分为主体能量层与高频波动层,并将高频能量层功率分配给超级电容平抑;最后,基于AMCS控制氢储能与蓄电池协同消纳主体能量层功率,通过自适应控制两种储能的协同充放电,保持其自身SOC始终运行在健康状态。通过仿真验证所提策略使氢储能与蓄电池在维持自身合理SOC的同时,最大限度消纳HESS功率的主体能量,显著减少超级电容的容量压力,完成风电波动平抑任务,充分发挥各储能的优势特性。
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