1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Petroleum Engineering and Geology Education (Northeast Petroleum University), Daqing 163318, China
2 National Simulation Education Center for Oil and Gas Engineering(Northeast Petroleum University), Daqing 163318, China
3 School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jilin University of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
4 Daqing Oilfield Engineering Co., Ltd., (DOEC), Daqing 163715, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-09-29
2026-08-18
2025-12-18
Online Date
2026-09-04
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摘要
随着油田进入高含水开发阶段,不加热集输工艺已得到广泛应用,但集输管道内油气水三相流动情况复杂,原油在管壁的黏附问题突出且机理尚不明确。以近井区域集输管道为对象,研制油田现场实验装置,实现对机械采油过程中油气水多相流动规律与原油黏附行为的可视化观测与分析。通过建立牛顿流体-幂律流体-赫巴流体复合本构方程来表征原油溶胶-凝胶转变过程的特性,基于VOF(volume of fluid)方法构建集输管道内油气水多相流动的数学模型,系统解析抽油机变冲程工况下集输管道内的相分布、速度场、原油形态演变及黏附行为。研究发现:抽油机冲程的周期性变化主导着集输管道的流动特性,会诱发同频但存在相位滞后的周期性流动。受抽油机变冲程阶段式激励作用,管道内多相流动呈现非稳态演化特征,流动结构与相分布发生动态调整,表现为气油比渐进式增长和含水率随时间上升,油相经历了从连续油层到分段油层、细长油团、离散油团再到微小油团的形态演变过程,同时在管壁表面形成条带状、块状、斑点状和弥散膜状等黏附模式。原油黏附与管流剪切之间存在竞争关系。当含油率较高(20%~34%)且流速稳定(0.72~1.61 m/s)时,黏附效应占主导,管壁最大黏附量可达6.08%;反之,在低含油率(4%~15%)且流态紊乱的条件下,剪切作用显著增强,可剥离高达1.1%的管壁凝油。流动突变区域(如阀门、流向转折处)会因局部流速降低而加剧原油黏附;而在竖直管段,重力驱动的加速流动增强了多相掺混效应,从而有效剥离壁面凝油。
Abstract
With oilfields entering the high water-cut development stage, unheated gathering and transportation technology has been widely applied. However, the oil-gas-water three-phase flow in gathering pipelines is complex, and the problem of crude oil wall adhesion is prominent with unclear mechanisms. Taking the gathering pipeline in the near-wellhead area as the research object, a field experimental device was developed to achieve visual observation and analysis of multiphase flow patterns and crude oil adhesion behaviors during mechanical oil recovery. A composite constitutive equation incorporating Newtonian fluid, power-law fluid, and Herschel-Bulkley fluid models was established to characterize the sol-gel transition process of crude oil. A mathematical model for multiphase flow in gathering pipelines was constructed using the VOF(volume of fluid) method, systematically analyzing phase distribution, velocity fields, crude oil morphological evolution, and adhesion behaviors under variable pumping unit stroke conditions.It was revealed that periodic stroke variations of pumping units dominated flow characteristics in gathering pipelines, inducing synchronous but phase-lagged periodic flows. Subjected to staged excitation from variable pumping unit strokes, the multiphase flow exhibited unsteady evolutionary features with dynamic adjustments in flow structures and phase distributions, manifested through gradual gas-oil ratio increases and time-varying water content elevation. The oil phase undergoes morphological transitions from continuous layers→segmented layers→elongated clusters→discrete clusters→micro clusters, while forming strip-shaped, lumpy, spotted, and dispersed filmy adhesion patterns on pipe walls. A competitive relationship existed between oil adhesion and flow shear forces. At high oil content (20%~34%) with stable flow velocity (0.72~1.61 m/s), adhesion dominates, reaching maximum wall gelled oil accumulation of 6.08%. Conversely, under low oil content (4%~15%) with turbulent flow conditions, shear effects intensify significantly, removing 1.1% of wall-adhered gelled oil. Flow direction alterations exacerbate oil adhesion through localized velocity reduction. In vertical pipe sections, gravity-driven acceleration enhances multiphase mixing effects, effectively stripping wall-adhered gelled oil.
ZHAO Jian, LI Fan, QU Cheng-liang, SHI Tian-qi, DONG Hang, WANG Zhi-hua.
Coupled Simulation of Oil-gas-water Transient Flow and Crude Oil Wall Adhesion Behavior in Near-wellhead Gathering and Transportation Pipelines[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(23): 9885-9911 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506978
为了探究集输管道中的多相流动与传质规律及其机理,国内外学者综合运用实验研究与理论分析的方法,展开了系统研究。饶永超等[5]通过高速摄像技术对不同类型管道中,多相流流动规律做了归纳分析。陈家琅等[6]设计了一个机械模型,能够实现对层状、间歇、环装、分散气泡流型的预测并且测量过程中的持液率以及压降。Wang等[7]通过高压实验发现界面波对气液两相分层流界面摩擦因子有显著影响。Wu等[8]基于rLCS(reinforcement learning with curriculum sampling)方法首次揭示了多相流中相分离过程的空间非对应性及周期性演化规律。Chi等[9]通过多相流回路实验获取了两相油分层流的蜡沉积数据。Chen等[10]改进了页岩油-水分层流、分散流等流型的压降预测模型。Liu等[11]揭示了海上立管系统气液段塞流的流型转变机制及高压环境对断流现象的影响。
近年来,数值模拟技术凭借高效、灵活及全尺度分析优势,已成为研究复杂流动机理的重要手段。基于此技术优势,学者针对管道多相流动过程展开了系统性数值模拟研究。吕杨[12-13]通过实验与模拟结合,揭示了高含水原油低温集输过程中析蜡点、析蜡高峰与黏壁温度的内在关联性,以分子动力学模拟为主要方法,从微观角度揭示高含水稠油低温输送黏附机理,阐明了输送温度及析蜡特性对黏壁现象的调控机制。Qu等[14]基于VOF(volume of fluid)-多孔介质耦合模型,构建了油-气-水三相体系下溶胶-凝胶转变表征方法,首次定量解析了掺水对多相流动及凝油黏附的动态影响规律。Tian等[15]采用改进型VOF模型再现了高黏原油-天然气混输流态演化过程,精准捕捉气泡流-活塞流-段塞流-环状流转变特征,发现段塞流态下液膜堵塞引发流动失稳的核心机理,为流动安全保障提供理论依据。Boucetta等[16]通过数值模拟揭示了层流管道内蜡沉积的轴向集中特性及最大沉积位置稳定性。
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