Shanghai Institute of Space Power-sources, Shanghai 200245, China
Show less
文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-09-29
2026-05-08
2026-01-12
Online Date
2026-08-06
PDF (5574K)
摘要
随着储能系统、直流配电网络以及高功率密度电力电子装备的快速发展,隔离型双向DC-DC变换器已成为实现双向能量变换的关键接口。在多种拓扑结构中,双有源桥(dual active bridge,DAB)变换器因其具备电气隔离能力、结构对称性以及适于高频运行等优点而受到广泛关注。系统地梳理了双有源桥变换器的技术特点、研究现状及发展趋势。首先基于全球能源转型和直流配电网发展的背景对多种隔离型双向DC-DC拓扑进行对比,突出双有源桥变换器在效率、功率密度和动态性能方面的综合优势。其次,针对双有源桥变换器在宽工况运行、高频化设计以及数字控制实现过程中所面临的关键技术挑战进行了归纳,展望了面向工程实用性和系统可靠性的潜在研究方向。对双有源桥变换器的综述工作可为高性能双向电能变换系统的设计与应用提供参考。
Abstract
With the rapid development of energy storage systems, DC distribution networks, and high-power-density power electronic equipment, isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters have become key interfaces for bidirectional energy conversion. Among various converter topologies, the dual active bridge (DAB) converter has attracted extensive attention due to its galvanic isolation capability, structural symmetry, and suitability for high-frequency operation. The technical characteristics, research status, and development trends of DAB converters were systematically reviewed. Firstly, various isolated bidirectional DC-DC topologies were compared in the context of global energy transition and the development of DC distribution networks, highlighting the comprehensive advantages of DAB converters in terms of efficiency, power density, and dynamic performance. Subsequently, the key technical challenges encountered by isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters in wide-operating-range applications, high-frequency design, and digital control implementation were summarized, and potential research directions oriented toward engineering practicality and system reliability were discussed. This review is intended to provide a useful reference for the design and application of high-performance bidirectional power conversion systems.
WANG Xin-zheng, LIN Jiang, SUN Wei-xiang, LI Jia-qi, SHI Meng-chao, XIANG Yong-jian.
Review of DAB Converter Topology and Control Optimization[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(13): 5335-5347 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506968
与传统工频变压器体积庞大、输出电压等级固定的特点不同,双有源桥(dual active bridge,DAB)变换器采用高频变压器,并利用其漏感结合串联电感实现功率传输,具有体积小、功率密度高、宽输入电压范围输入下保持高效率的优势。同时,该拓扑效率高、结构对称易于串并联扩容、动态响应快,自问世以来一直是研究热点,被广泛认为是直流固态变压器中的核心功率变换单元。
图8~图10展示的谐振型DAB拓扑包含了LLC谐振型[15]、CLLC谐振型[15]、CLLLC谐振型[16],谐振型双有源桥变换器通过在传统DAB中引入谐振网络,核心优势在于实现了软开关。其开关管能在宽传输功率范围内获得零电压开关(zero voltage switching,ZVS)或零电流开关(zero current switching,ZCS),从而显著降低开关损耗,带来了较高的转换效率以及更优的EMI性能,并能适应更高开关频率以提升功率密度,同时保留双向功率流动能力。
SunXu, CaoShidong, BuGuangquan, et al. Construction schemes of overhead line flexible DC power grids[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40(3): 678-682.
LiuJiachao, YuanZhichang, LiYan, et al. Application of flexible DC technology in load-center sub-network operation[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40(3): 683-688.
LiuXinrui, XieZhiyuan, SunQiuye, et al. Fault analysis and protection scheme for low-voltage bipolar DC microgrid[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40(3): 749-755.
[7]
丁泉森. 基于DAB变换器的级联型直流固态变压器研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2021.
[8]
DingQuansen. Research on cascaded DC solid-state transformer based on DAB converter[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2021.
[9]
LiR, ShiF. Control and optimization of residential photovoltaic power generation system with high efficiency isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 116107-116122.
[10]
LiuX, ZhuZ Q, StoneD A, et al. Novel dual-phase-shift control with bidirectional inner phase shifts for a dual-active-bridge converter having low surge current and stable power control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(9): 4095-4106.
LeiZhifang, WangFei, GaoYanxia, et al. Research status and application analysis of bidirectional DC-DC converters for DC microgrids[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(22): 137-147.
[13]
黄龙. 面向储能系统的双向DC/DC变换器抗扰控制研究[D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2024.
[14]
HuangLong. Research on anti-disturbance control of bidirectional DC/DC converter for energy storage systems[D]. Nanchang: Nanchang University, 2024.
[15]
王盼盼. 单磁芯并联双端正激变换器研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2014.
[16]
WangPanpan. Research on a single-core parallel dual-ended forward converter[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2014.
[17]
成晶晶. 双向反激变换器的研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2010.
[18]
ChengJingjing. Research on bidirectional flyback converter[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2010.
ZhangFanghua, WangHuizhen, YanYangguang. ZCS scheme for forward push-pull circuit[J]. Power Electronics Technology, 2003, 37(2): 60-62.
[23]
颜灿. 移相全桥变换器设计研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2023.
[24]
YanCan. Design and research of phase-shifted full-bridge converter[D]. Harbin:Harbin Engineering University, 2023.
[25]
JainA K, AyyanarR. PWM control of dual active bridge: comprehensive analysis and experimental verification[C]// Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON 2008). Orlando: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2008: 909-915.
[26]
JungJ H, KimH S, RyuM H, et al. Design methodology of bidirectional CLLC resonant converter for high-frequency isolation of DC distribution systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013, 28(4): 1741-1755.
[27]
ZahidZ U, DalalaZ M, ChenR, et al. Design of bidirectional DC-DC resonant converter for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2015, 1(3): 232-244.
[28]
濮苇杰. 高功率密度双向DC-DC变换器研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2024.
[29]
PuWeijie. Research on high power density bidirectional DC-DC converters[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2024.
HuangYunfei, ZhongQihao, OuyangYoupeng, et al. A review of topologies and control strategies for dual active bridge converters[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2024, 22(4): 53-65.
WuLiangui, ZhouShuai, ZhangXiaoyong, et al. Analysis of output capacitor ripple current in dual active bridge based on single phase shift control[J]. Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology, 2025, 54(7): 179-183, 189.
YinYaozong, GongJinwu, WangMinglong, et al. ZVS control method for high-frequency DAB converter based on extended phase shift control[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2023, 60(8): 7-13.
[36]
GaoS, ZhangY, WangY, et al. An optimal control strategy for the DAB-Based partial power converter based on extended-phase-shift control[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics, 2023, 4: 817-827.
[37]
檀泽浩. 双重移相控制下的DAB变换器效率提升策略研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州理工大学, 2024.
[38]
TanZehao. Research on efficiency improvement strategy of DAB converter under dual phase shift control[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University of Technology, 2024.
HuangJun, WangYue, LiZhuoqiang, et al. Optimized modulation strategy for dual active full-bridge DC converter based on triple phase shift control[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(6): 1658-1666, 1779.
[41]
MaciàC, GermánG O, EduardB, et al. Analytical and normalized equations to implement the optimized triple phase-shift modulation strategy for DAB converters[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2023, 11(3): 3535-3546.
[42]
牟迪. 双有源全桥变换器高性能调制及数字化设计研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2021.
[43]
MuDi. Research on high-performance modulation and digital design of dual active full-bridge converters[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2021.
LaiJidong, YaoXian, SuJianhui, et al. A backflow power optimization method for DAB based on KKT algorithm[J]. Power Electronics Technology, 2022, 56(6): 103-106.
LiGuojie, TongAnping, HangLijun, et al. Modeling and optimized modulation of dual active full-bridge converters[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2022.
[48]
XieF, WangH, ShuJ. Backflow power optimization of DAB based on asymmetric duty cycle and internal phase shift control[J]. IEEE Access, 2023, 11: 25682-25688.
[49]
张国皓. 双有源桥谐振变换器设计与控制策略研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2024.
[50]
ZhangGuoHao. Research on design and control strategy of dual active bridge resonant converter[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2024.
[51]
张天晖. 双有源桥DC/DC变换器多目标优化控制研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2019.
[52]
ZhangTianhui. Research on multi-objective optimal control of dual active bridge DC/DC converter[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2019.
LiHe, HaoXin, ZhaoQianqi, et al. Loss analysis of SiC devices in full-bridge DC-DC converter[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(26): 11216-11223.
WangRenlong, LiYongjian, LiShanhu, et al. Dual phase shift modulation for current stress optimization in dual active bridge converters[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2023, 21(1): 35-44.
ZhouJie, ZhaoShiwei, WuYihao, et al. Improved control strategy of dual phase shift for DAB converter[J]. Electric Drive, 2024, 54(8): 36-41.
[59]
FangS, DaiP, LiuS. A hybrid modulation for multilevel DAB converter based on asymmetrical duty modulation[C]// Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Symposium (PEAS 2023). Guangzhou: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2023: 68-73.
[60]
龚健. 双有源桥DC-DC变换器移相控制优化研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2021.
[61]
GongJian. Research on phase shift control optimization of dual active bridge DC-DC converter[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2021.
TangXudong, WangXuemei. Influencing factors and improvement strategies of dynamic response in dual active bridge converters[J]. Electrical Automation, 2021, 43(4): 1-6.
AnFeng, YangKexin, WangSong, et al. Current stress optimization method for dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter based on model feedforward[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(14): 2946-2956.
LiMolin, GuoZhiqiang. Output impedance analysis of fast dynamic response dual active bridge converter with load current feedforward closed-loop control[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2020, 18(3): 55-62.
LiuShuoyang. Research on magnetic integration technology for high-gain low-ripple DC/DC converter[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2018.
[72]
MogorovicM, DujicD. Sensitivity analysis of medium-frequency transformer designs for solid-state transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(9): 8356-8367.
LiuKaiyuan, ShenZhan, ChenWu, et al. Distributed air-gap magnetic integration structure and its accurate leakage inductance modeling[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(13): 5255-5270.
[75]
LeeE S, ParkJ H, KimM Y, et al. An integrated transformer design with a center-core air-gap for DAB converters[J]. IEEE Access, 2021, 9: 121263-121278.
ChenXianjun, ZhouMingzhu, ShangYunhui, et al. A high-gain DC-DC converter with bipolar output based on a three-winding coupled inductor[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2025, 46(5): 146-159.
ZhangShichong. Analysis and design of integrated LLC-DAB DC/DC converter[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University of Technology, 2023.
[82]
房紫旭. 高增益双向隔离式DC-DC变换器的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2023.
[83]
FangZixu. Research on high-gain bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2023.
[84]
BaiG, SunJ, ZhangZ, et al. Vortex-based soft magnetic composite with ultrastable permeability up to gigahertz frequencies[J]. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1): 46650.
MaoLiuqiang, LiuYang, LiuJiugao. Properties and applications of Mn-Zn ferrite materials recently launched by JMC and other companies[C]// Proceedings of the 5th National Symposium on High-Performance Soft Magnetic, Permanent Magnetic Materials and Applications. Chengdu: Specialized Information Network on Magnetic Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 2013: 71-108.
HuiQi, RenXiaoyong, ChenQianhong. Modeling and suppression of common-mode electromagnetic interference noise in low-power isolated DC-DC converters using toroidal transformers[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(22): 7126-7138.
[89]
LiaoY, LiangJ, XuG, et al. Optimization design method of power distribution relationship for LLC-DAB hybrid bidirectional converter based on sigma structure[C]// 2022 4th International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems: 4th International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems (SPIES). Beijing: SPIES, 2022: 250-255.
Harbin University of Science and Technology. Improved dual phase shift control method for DAB converter based on whale optimization algorithm: CN202410809708.5[P]. 2024-09-27.
China Electric Power Research Institute. Optimization method and device for DAB converter based on adaptive particle swarm algorithm: CN202411517773.7[P]. 2025-01-24.
LiXin, ZhangChao, ShiShuaifei, et al. Backflow power control strategy for DC converter combining dual phase shift and whale optimization algorithm[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2022, 43(9): 468-477.
ChenCaixue, LiuXu, DengCheng. Current stress minimization strategy for wide gain range of dual active bridge[J]. Journal of Power Supply, 2020, 18(3): 63-70.
ShuLisan, YangHao, ZhaoHexuan, et al. Model predictive control of a multi-port DC converter for high-power traction rectifier units[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(25): 10719-10725.
SunWeixiang, WangXinzheng, ShiLeilei, et al. Parameter optimization of dual active bridge converter under extended phase shift modulation[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2025, 37(9): 108-117.
[102]
SunW, ShiL, WangX, et al. The ZVS optimization design of DAB extended phase-shift control based on Monte Carlo and Kriging interpolation[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2025(1). DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/3064/1/012042.
WangHan. Current-mode discrete phase shift control strategy and design for dual active bridge DC/DC converter[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2023.
WangYifei. Research on moving discrete control set model predictive control strategy for dual active bridge converter[D]. Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2024.
ZhangHao. Four-degree-of-freedom efficiency optimization control strategy for isolated dual active full-bridge DC-DC converter[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology, 2023.
WangYaoqiang, LiHao, LiXiang, et al. Single-stage dual active bridge DC-AC converter based on dual-mode variable frequency phase shift modulation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(21): 6865-6876.
ZhangKun, ZhuLiying, YangDong, et al. Cooperative control strategy between power system and electric propulsion power supply for deep space probes[J]. Spacecraft Engineering, 2025, 34(4): 51-57.