As coal resources are mined at greater depths, ground stress, temperature, and water pressure increase. The changes in these conditions alter the effective stress distribution in deep rock formations. Primary fissures in the aquiclude are damaged, propagate, and progressively coalesce. Water flow channels are then formed, which may induce water inrush accidents from the coal seam floor. The mechanism of primary fissure extension leading to water inrush in the aquiclude of the 15252N working face in the Jiulong Mine, Fengfeng Mining Area, was investigated through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and physical similarity modeling. Key technologies for preventing and controlling water hazards in the working face were identified. The results show that mining at the 15252N working face causes the mining-induced failure zone to expand in both width and depth due to stress redistribution induced by excavation. Primary fissures in the aquiclude extend along the weakest structural direction. Confined water further promotes wedge-splitting and softening along fissures. This enhances the interaction between primary fissures and local shear-through fissure zones, and reduces the effective thickness of the aquiclude. Under the combined effects of mining-induced stress and confined water pressure, confined water migrates upward along fault-controlled seepage pathways, resulting in the further expansion of the confined water-conducting zone. When this zone connects with the primary fissures and the mining-induced failure zone, Ordovician limestone water enters the working face through the connected channels, causing floor water inrush.The research results provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the prevention and control of water hazards in deep coal mines with similar hydrogeological conditions.
LIU Bo, DONG Shu-ning, BIAN Kai, GUO Xiao-ming, WANG Tie-ji, GUAN Yong-qiang, ZHANG Hui-song, DONG Xing-ling, LIU Lei, ZHANG Xi-yu, LI Si-yu.
Mechanisms and Control Strategies of Water Inrush Induced by Primary Fissure Expansion in the Aquiclude: Jiulong Mine in Fengfeng Mining Area[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(16): 6804-6817 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506881
随着深部矿山应力、温度和水压条件不断增强,采掘扰动对底板隔水层原生裂隙的激活效应日益显著,底板突水呈现出裂隙扩展型等新的致灾特征[20]。深部有效应力场的改变可促使原生裂隙在水压作用下发生损伤、扩展与贯通,形成高效导水通道,成为高承压水突水的重要诱因。已有研究为认识这一过程奠定了基础,张妍等[21]通过裂隙灰岩拉剪试验及数值模拟揭示了复杂裂隙的扩展路径与破裂模式。曹加兴等[22]利用透明类岩石试件,在渗透水压与单轴压缩条件下直观观察了单裂隙与双裂隙内部的起裂-扩展-贯通全过程。李国栋等[23]基于有限元-离散元耦合方法(finite-discrete element method,FDEM)构建了考虑时间效应与尺寸效应的裂隙扩展-注浆耦合模型,并在实验室与工程尺度验证了裂隙岩体的破裂演化机制。尽管上述研究从试验与模拟层面深化了对裂隙破裂过程的认识,但针对隔水层原生裂隙扩展型突水模式尚缺乏系统、工程化的机理揭示与防控技术验证。基于此,以峰峰矿区九龙矿15252N工作面底板突水为例,构建隔水层力学模型,并结合流固耦合数值模拟与相似材料物理模拟再现突水过程,提出针对性底板水害防控关键技术,为水文地质条件复杂矿区的水害防治工作提供参考。
$\begin{array}{c}P_{\mathrm{d}} \geqslant \frac{(1+\lambda) k \gamma H}{2}+\frac{(1-\lambda) k \gamma H \cos 2 \beta_{\mathrm{d}}}{2}- \\{\left[\frac{\frac{(1-\lambda) k \gamma H \sin 2 \beta_{\mathrm{d}}}{2}-C_{\mathrm{d}}}{\tan \varphi_{\mathrm{d}}}\right]}\end{array}$
WuQiang, TuKun, ZengYifan, et al. Discussion on the main problems and countermeasures for building an upgrade version of main energy (coal) industry in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society. 2019, 44(6): 1625-1636.
WangShuangming, ShenYanjun, SongShijie, et al. Change of coal energy status and green and low-car-bon development under the“Dual Carbon” goal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(7): 2599-2612.
YuanLiang. Theory and technology considerations on high-quality development of coal main energy security in China[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023, 38(1): 11-22.
HeManchao, XieHeping, PengSuping, et al. Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005(16): 2803-2813.
DongShuning, LiuQisheng, WangHao, et al. Theoretical framework and key technology of advance regional control of water inrush in coal seam floor[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2023, 51(1): 185-195.
DongShuning, HuWeiyue. Basic characteristics and main controlling factors of coal mine water hazard in China[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2007(5): 34-38.
LiWenping, QiaoWei, LiXiaoqin, et al. Characteristics of water disaster, evaluation methods and exploration direction for controlling groundwater in deep mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2019, 44(8): 2437-2448.
WuQiang, GuoXiaoming, BianKai, et al. Carrying out general survey of the water disaster-causing factors to prevent the occurrence of coal mine water disaster[J]. China Coal, 2023, 49(1): 3-15.
[17]
SlesarevB. Theoretical calculation of safe water pressure on coal seam floor based on fixed beam model[J]. Soviet Mining Science, 1958, 14(3): 217-225.
[18]
BaiH B, MaD, ChenZ Q. Mechanical behavior of groud water seepage in karst collapse pillars[J]. Engineering Geology, 2013, 164: 101-106.
[19]
沈光寒, 李白英, 吴戈. 矿井特殊开采的理论与实践[M]. 北京: 煤炭工业出版社, 1992.
[20]
ShenGuanghan, LiBaiying, WuGe. Theory and practice of special mining in coal mines[M]. Beijing: Coal Industry Press, 1992.
ZhaoQingbiao, ZhaoXinnan, WuQiang, et al. Water burst mechanism of “divided period and section burst” at deep coal seam floor in north China type coalfield mining area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2015, 40(7): 1601-1607.
[23]
YangH, BianK, WangT J, et al. Risk assessment and water inrush mechanism study of through-type fault zone based on grey correlation degree[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(11): 6828.
[24]
SantosC F, BieniawskiZ T. Analysis of coal seam floor bearing capacity based on modified Hoek-Brown strength criterion[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 1989, 26(4): 301-310.
ShiLongqing. Summary of research on mechanism of water-inrush from seam floor[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science), 2009, 28(3): 17-23.
YinShangxian, WangYi, YinHuichao, et al. Mechanism and full-time-space prevention and control technology of water inrush from Ordovician and thin limestone in deep mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2020, 45(5): 1855-1864.
JinDewu, ZhaoChunhu, DuanJianhua, et al. Research on 3D monitoring and intelligent early warning system for water hazard of coal seam floor[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2020, 45(6): 2256-2264.
ZhaoQingbiao. Ordovician limestone karst water disaster regional advanced governance technology study and application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2014, 39(6): 1112-1117.
ZengYifan, WuQiang, ZhaoSuqi, et al. Characteristics, causes, and prevention measures of coal mine water hazard accidents in China[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2023, 51(7): 1-14.
LiuBo, GuanYongqiang, SunYuzhuang, et al. Water inrush type division and water inrush mode in Fengfeng Mining Area[J]. Safety in Coal Mines, 2021, 52(11): 186-194.
ZhangYan, WangJunfeng, WangZicheng, et al. Crack propagation law and fracture mechanism of tensile-shear damage for fissure limestone[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(31): 13504-13511.
CaoJiaxing, ZhuZhende, TianYuan, et al. The experimental study of propagation process of 3D crack-sets under hydraulic pressure[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2017, 17(4): 92-98.
LiGuodong, KanXuedong, LiuMingzhao, et al. Numerical simulation of shear damage process before and after grouting of fractured rock mass[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2025, 25(23): 9935-9952.
Department of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection, National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Guiding opinions on strengthening the protection and utilization of mine water (NDRC Huanzi[2024]No. 226)[EB/OL]. (2024-03-22)[2025-09-20]. https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202403/t20240322_1365134.html.
ChengJianyuan, LuZiqing, JiangBici, et al. A novel technology of “long excavation/long detecyion” for rapid excavation in coal mine roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022, 47(1): 404-412.
DongShuning, GuoXiaoming, LiuQisheng, et al. Model and selection criterion of zonal preact grouting to prevent mine water disasters of coal floor limestone aquifer in north China type coalfield[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2020, 48(4): 1-10.
ZhaoQingbiao, ZhaoBingwen, FuYonggang, et al. Research on key technology to control Ordovician limestone water disaster on surface region of deep mining depth mine[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2016, 44(8): 14-20.