Northwest China is rich in wind and solar resources, and accelerating the construction of wind and solar bases can inject a large amount of clean energy into the central region, which is conducive to achieving the goal of “double carbon”. Large-scale construction of new energy bases into the grid so that the new energy sending-end system generation side of the strong randomness and volatility, all kinds of flexibility needs to increase dramatically, there is an urgent need to study the new energy sending-end system planning methodology under the conditions of uncertainty. Considering the impact of the uncertainty of a high proportion of wind and solar resources on the new energy sending-end system, the short-term flexibility supply and demand characteristics of the new energy sending-end system were analyzed, and thermal power flexibility modification, demand response and hybrid energy storage systems were introduced to improve the system’s regulating capability, so as to propose a multi-objective stochastic planning method based on scenario analysis. A multi-objective stochastic planning method based on scenario analysis was proposed for the new energy sending-end system in Northwest China, which was solved by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and the commercial solver Gurobi. Through case analysis, it is verified that the planning results of this method can cope with the flexibility demand and transmission service demand under different new energy and load scenarios.
HU Meng-kai, ZHANG Gao-hang, LI Feng-ting, XIE Chao, YIN Chun-ya, LI Zhong-zheng.
Multi-objective Planning Method for New Energy Large-base Sending-end System Considering Short-term Flexibility Demand[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(23): 9984-10000 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506860
(3)送端系统ESS侧考虑到系统内地理条件限制、抽水蓄能选址严苛、建设周期长和政策导向等因素,认为系统内抽水蓄能建设饱和规划期内不再新建。通过为ESS配置由锂离子电池(lithium-ion battery,LIB)和超级电容(supercapacitor,SC)组成的混合储能系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS),使ESS在能量型和功率型两方面的供给能力提高,以应对爬坡灵活性和调频灵活性需求。
送端系统内部火电、抽水蓄能、LIB、TL均可提供爬坡灵活性。火电机组由新建大容量高负载率火电机组和较为陈旧的小容量火电机组组成,大容量火电机组考虑发电效益,其日均负载率有最低限值要求,早期建设容量较小的火电机组是未来灵活性改造的对象,通过灵活性改造可降低机组出力下限值。ESS中变速抽水蓄能具有发展成熟、清洁环保、运行经济性高、储能量大、运行灵活的优点,可满足数分钟到数十小时的爬坡需求。LIB具有能量密度大、循环效率高、输出功率可靠等优点,放电持续时间可满足数十分钟到数小时的爬坡需求。TL可缓解在特殊时段的集中用电行为,其调节空间可为系统提供一定爬坡灵活性。高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)输电功率调节要求严苛,对调节时段和调节次数及恒功率输送最小运行时间均有规范,可在特殊时段提供一定爬坡灵活性。
(1)在惯性环节,为保障系统频率变化率(rate of change of frequency,RoCof)安全,建立应对送端系统内部不确定性的最小惯量需求${I}_{t}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{s},1}$[式(8)];同时防止直流输电发生换相失败引起送端系统频率过高导致送端电网崩溃事件发生,对送端系统提出最小惯量需求估计值${I}_{t}^{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{s},2}$[式(9)][24];新能源送端系统惯量由火电机组、抽水蓄能机组的同步惯量和WT、SC的虚拟惯量共同构成[25][式(10)]。
$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}\min F_{1}=C_{\mathrm{inv}}^{\mathrm{NES}}+C_{\mathrm{inv}}^{\mathrm{FS}}+C_{\mathrm{fix}}^{\mathrm{NES}}+C_{\mathrm{opt}} \\C_{\mathrm{inv}}^{\mathrm{NES}}=\sum_{n e s} c_{\mathrm{inv}, n e s} F_{n e s}(r, n) S_{n e s}^{+} \\C_{\mathrm{inv}}^{\mathrm{FS}}=\sum_{f s} c_{\mathrm{inv}, f s} F_{f s}(r, n) S_{f s} \\C_{\mathrm{fix}}^{\mathrm{NES}}=\sum_{n e s} c_{\mathrm{fix}, n e s} S_{n e s}^{+} \\n e s \in\left\{S_{\mathrm{WT}}^{+}, S_{\mathrm{PV}}^{+}\right\}, f s \in\left\{S_{\mathrm{GS}}, S_{\mathrm{LIB}}, S_{\mathrm{SC}}, S_{\mathrm{TL}}, S_{\mathrm{IL}}\right\}\end{array}\right.$
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