
科学技术与工程

中国技术经济学会
川西北地区须三段致密砂岩气藏气水分布特征及主控因素
张奥博 , 张本健 , 马诗杰 , 谭开俊 , 郑超 , 金值民 , 张晓丽 , 李勇 , 矣贵东 , 杨魏 , 张洋洋 , 陈世加
科学技术与工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (27) :11714-11727
川西北地区须三段致密砂岩气藏气水分布特征及主控因素
Gas-water Distribution Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Tight Sandstone in the Third Member of Xujiahe Formation in Northwestern Sichuan
四川盆地须家河组资源潜力巨大,但气水分布规律复杂,严重制约了后续勘探部署工作的推进。依托铸体薄片、高压压汞的实验手段,对川西北地区须三段致密砂岩气藏的基本地质特征、气水分布特征以及气水分布的主控因素开展了系统分析。研究结果表明:储层整体呈现低孔低渗特征,孔隙度平均为3.14%,渗透率平均为0.052 mD。区内主要发育自源自储、旁生侧储和下生上储三类源储配置,其中自源自储型接触最为紧密,天然气充注效率最高。气藏在平面上呈现高、低产井交叉分布特征,纵向上具有“上气下富水”的趋势,全区无统一气水界面。早期古构造斜坡为天然气聚集提供了有利场所,后期储层致密化作用将气藏有效保存。断层分级严格控制了产能差异,四级断层和孔隙度大于6%的优质储层是天然气富集的有利区带,一、二级断层多产出地层水,且单井裂缝线密度越大,天然气产能越高。得出川西北地区须三段气水富集受早期断层输导与晚期储层致密化的共同控制,源储配置的优劣决定了天然气充注强度,气水分布受此调控呈现出“平面交叉分布、纵向上气上水下”的强非均质性特征的研究结论。在此基础上,建立了“有利源储关系富集、断裂调整、裂缝控产”的气水富集模式。该模式有效厘清了高低产井产能悬殊与气水交叉分布的深层主控因素,明确了断缝体、古构造高点与高孔渗储集体的叠合发育带是天然气高产的优势指向区。研究成果深化了对四川盆地非常规致密气复杂成藏与富集规律的地质认识,为川西北地区后续的高效勘探与井位部署指明了方向,也为同类沉积盆地中气水关系复杂的致密砂岩气藏勘探开发提供了重要的理论参考与实践借鉴。
The resource potential of the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin is immense; however, its complex gas-water distribution patterns severely restrict the advancement of subsequent exploration deployment. Relying on experimental methods such as casting thin sections and high-pressure mercury injection, this paper systematically analyzed the basic geological characteristics, gas-water distribution patterns, and main controlling factors of the tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the third member of the Xujiahe Formation in northwestern Sichuan. The results show that the reservoirs exhibit overall low-porosity and low-permeability characteristics, with an average porosity of 3.14% and an average permeability of 0.052 mD. Three main types of source-reservoir configurations are developed in the area: self-sourcing and self-reservoiring, laterally-sourced and laterally-reservoired, and lower-sourced and upper-reservoired. Among these, the self-sourcing and self-reservoiring type exhibits the closest contact and the highest natural gas charging efficiency. The gas reservoirs present a planar cross-distribution of high- and low-production wells and a vertical trend of “gas above, rich water below”, with no unified gas-water contact across the region. The early paleo-structural slope provided favorable sites for natural gas accumulation, while late-stage reservoir densification effectively preserved the gas reservoirs. Fault hierarchy strictly controls productivity variations: fourth-order faults and high-quality reservoirs with porosity greater than 6% are favorable zones for natural gas enrichment, whereas first- and second-order faults predominantly produce formation water. Moreover, a higher fracture linear density in a single well correlates with higher natural gas productivity. It is concluded that gas-water enrichment in the third member of the Xujiahe Formation in northwestern Sichuan is jointly controlled by early fault conduits and late-stage reservoir densification. The quality of the source-reservoir configuration determines the natural gas charging intensity, and the gas-water distribution regulated by these factors exhibits strong heterogeneity characterized by “horizontal cross-distribution and vertical gas-over-water.” On this basis, a gas-water enrichment model featuring “enrichment by favorable source-reservoir relationship, fault adjustment, and fracture-controlled production” was established. This model effectively clarifies the deep-seated main controlling factors responsible for the huge disparity in productivity between high- and low-production wells and the cross-distribution of gas and water. It clearly identifies that the superimposed development zones of fault-fracture bodies, paleo-structural highs, and reservoirs with high porosity and permeability are the dominant target areas for high natural gas production. The research findings deepen the geological understanding of the complex accumulation and enrichment laws of unconventional tight gas in the Sichuan Basin. They not only point out the direction for subsequent efficient exploration and well placement in northwestern Sichuan, but also provide important theoretical references and practical guidance for the exploration and development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs with complex gas-water relationships in similar sedimentary basins.
富集模式 / 富集控制因素 / 致密砂岩气 / 须三段 / 川西坳陷 / 四川盆地
enrichment mode / enrichment control factors / tight sandstone gas / the third member of Xujiahe / western Sichuan Depression / Sichuan Basin
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西南油气田科技专项(2025D0010301)
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