To address the issue of insufficient prediction accuracy caused by the high volatility and strong randomness of power load under the coupling effect of multiple factors, a short-term load forecasting model was constructed that integrates optimized VMD(variational mode decomposition) secondary recombination decomposition and a TCN-BiGRU-TPA(temporal convolutional network-bidirectional gated recurrent unit-temporal pattern attention) hybrid architecture. First, the maximum information coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between weather factors, electricity prices, and power load, and the factors with higher correlation were selected as input features. Second, the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise was employed to initially decompose the load sequence into multiple subsequences, and the sample entropy of each subsequence was calculated. Subsequences with similar entropy values were recombined to form new sequences. The recombined high-frequency sequences were further decomposed using variational mode decomposition optimized by the slime mould algorithm, so as to fully extract the multi-scale and time-frequency characteristics hidden in the load data. Then, the selected feature variables and the decomposed components were fed into the TCN-BiGRU-TPA model for prediction. Finally, the Spanish Valencia regional-level dataset was used for experimental verification. Compared with the optimal benchmark model, the proposed model shows significant reductions in MAE (mean absolute error), RMSE(root mean square error), and MAPE(mean absolute percentage error)while the R2 value is increased by 0.003. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves higher forecasting accuracy.
CHEN Liang-wei, ZHANG Peng-chao, WANG Lei, ZHOU Kuo.
Short-term Power Load Forecasting Based on Optimized VMD Secondary Recombination Decomposition and TCN-BiGRU-TPA[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(11): 4692-4703 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506803
最大信息系数(maximum information coefficient,MIC)是一种衡量线性或非线性变量间相关程度的统计量[24],是一种普适性强的度量,解决了传统相关性度量方法在捕捉复杂非线性关系时的局限性,无论数据间的关系是线性、周期性、指数型还是其他复杂非线性关系,都能公平比较,并且计算复杂度低、鲁棒性高。MIC基于互信息和网格离散化优化,其核心思想是在两个变量组成的二维散点图上,通过动态划分网格,寻找一种离散化方式,使得在该网格下计算的互信息值最大,并将该最大值归一化。归一化结果的输出值应在[0,1]范围内,输出值越接近1,变量间的相关性越强。MIC计算公式为
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