In order to reveal the characteristics of sediment deposition in trapezoidal channels under different inflow conditions, a scale model test method was used to study the characteristics of sediment deposition morphology and particle size distribution in channels under different flow rates, sediment concentrations, water depths and sediment gradations. It was found that variations in flow rate influence flow velocity, sediment transport capacity, and secondary flow intensity, resulting in a dynamic evolution process of sediment deposition characterized by uniform settling, localized erosion, and complex deposition patterns. Changes in water depth alter flow dynamics and sediment transport mechanisms, thereby determining the complexity and diversity of deposition behavior. An increase in sediment concentration enhances inter-particle interactions, leading to a transition in deposition pattern from uniform suspension to localized scouring. Variations in sediment gradation affect particle settling behavior and the flow’s ability to transport sediment, consequently modifying the height and shape of deposited sediments. Under the most sedimentation-prone conditions, characterized by low flow rate (≤2.635 m3/s), high sediment concentration (≥7.5 kg/m3), coarse sediment gradation (mean particle size: 0.548 mm), and elevated water depth (1.2 m), the flow velocity and sediment transport capacity are measured at 0.813 m/s and 0.286 kg/m3, respectively. The maximum deposition thickness reaches 38.948 cm, exceeding the deposition thickness observed under low-concentration conditions (4.65 kg/m3) by more than 1.3 times. The results can provide references for the design, operation and anti-siltation of trapezoidal channels under sediment-laden flow conditions.
NAN Jun-hu, HAO Shu-fan, HAN Da-chuan, DU Hui.
Experiment on Sediment Deposition Characteristics in Trapezoidal Channel[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(18): 7857-7868 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506603
ZhouShuang, ZhangGenguang, WangYule. Study on standard and parameters of sediment incipient motion criteria[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2020, 45(5): 7-12.
[5]
SenS, HossainS, GhoshalK. Distribution of non-uniform particles in an open channel flow from the concept of mixing length[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2022, 440(10): 6242-6256.
[6]
DebnathS, GhoshalK, KumarJ. Unsteady two-dimensional suspended sediment transport in open channel flow subjectto deposition and re-entrainment[J]. Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 2021, 126(1): 6-19.
ZhaoZhihua, WuWenyong, WangJiasheng, et al. Experimental study on sediment transport characteristics and channel sediment carrying capacity model of Yellow River Irrigation Canal[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2019, 38(10): 63-71.
WangZexun, XiaoJuan, WuWenyong. Study on water and sediment migration and anti-silting in trunk channel for Yellow Diversion Irrigation Area[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2023, 41(12): 173-177.
GaoHongyan, WeiZhanmin. Analysis of sediment characteristics in main canal of Dengkou pumpingirrigation area[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2018, 37(7): 99-105.
LiChao, YuJian, LiWeishuai, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution and critical hydraulic condition for erosion-deposition of sediment in channels in pumping irrigation district[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2022, 41(4): 120-126.
ZhuLingling, ChenDi, YangChenggang, et al. Sediment deposition of cascade reservoirs in the lower Jinsha River and scouring of river channel under dam[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2023, 35(3): 1097-1110.
WangQiang, WangYuanjian, LiXinjie, et al. Variation characteristics of sedimentation morphology and scheduling suggestions for a sandy river reservoir in northwest China[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2022, 40(12): 77-80.
ZhongYihua, MaXudong, NieRuihua, et al. Experimental study on the effect of siltation height on water level change in steep slope channel[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 2019, 51(6): 134-138.
ZhuLingling, YangChenggang, BiHongwei, et al. Sediment deposition characteristics of Niulan River Estuary in the Xiluodu Reservoir[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2023, 48(5): 35-40.
JiaDongdong, WangYuanjian, JiangEnhui, et al. Numerical study on the sedimentation pattern of Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the Yellow River[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2020, 31(2): 240-248.
ZhouQihang, ZhouYinjun, JinZhongwu, et al. Research on the movement law of riverbed sedimentation bodies in mountainous rivers under excessive sediment supply[J]. Engineering Science and Technology, 2025. DOI: 10.15961/j.jsuese.202500018.
ZhangJinliang. Coupling design for sedimentation pattern and storage capacity distribution of reservoirs in sediment-laden rivers[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2024, 44(4): 45-50.
YangChunrui, DengJinyun, ChenLi. Sediment deposition trend in the Three Gorges Reservoir under the action of complex boundary conditions[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2023, 34(3): 442-453.
ChenLiusan. Profile distribution of particle size of sediment at a check dam in small watershed in the Karsthilly region[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2024, 22(6): 176-182.
CaoYuqin, XiaJunqiang, ZhouMeirong, et al. Research on the generalized mathematical model of sand wave morphology and motion characteristics[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2024, 32 (2): 426-441.
WuPei, ChenJiejun, WuYuxi, et al. LBM-DEM method was used to simulate the hydraulic transportation of coarse particles in pipelines[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(19): 8248-8258.
LiuYong, XieLingyun, ZhouQin, et al. Influence of operation mode in flood season on sand prevention and discharge conditions of runoff hydropower station: taking Tongzilin hydropower station as an example[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(10): 4348-4356.
ZhaoZhihua, WuWenyong, WangJiasheng, et al. Model test on sediment transport characteristics and sediment carrying capacity of Yellow River irrigationchannel[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drai-nage, 2019, 38(10): 63-71.
[45]
沙玉清. 泥沙运动的基本规律[J]. 泥沙研究, 1956(2): 1-54.
[46]
ShaYuqing. Basic law of sediment movement[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 1956(2): 1-54.
HeJianjing, WangHuimin. Hydraulic characteristics of non-uniform flow in open channel with smooth wall[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2003(5): 513-517.