1 School of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
2 School of Management Science and Real Estate, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
3 School of Architecture and Planning, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-09-04
2026-08-28
2026-01-12
Online Date
2026-09-04
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摘要
为探究闽浙木拱廊桥不同屋顶形式的火灾蔓延规律和防火性能,通过基于建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)参数化的数字重建方法构建木拱廊桥数字档案,以及基于BIM-火灾动力学仿真(fire dynamic simulator,FDS)的火灾仿真方法分析木拱廊桥火灾蔓延规律。首先,选取兼具藻井结构和攒尖顶结构的寿宁仙宫桥进行数字档案重建;其次,基于BIM-FDS交互方法建立不同屋顶形式的木拱廊桥火灾场景工况;最后,通过分析热释放速率、火灾蔓延现象、温度等火灾蔓延特性指标得出不同屋顶形式的防火性能。结果表明:依据营造技艺的“族嵌套”BIM建模方法,可适用于屋顶形式复杂且构件繁多的闽浙木拱廊桥;藻井结构的装饰功能远大于防火功能,甚至为火灾提供更大的火灾荷载,并不能有效延缓火灾蔓延;攒尖顶式屋顶较木拱廊桥常见的双坡式屋顶能显著延缓火灾蔓延。可见该研究成果为现存闽浙木拱廊桥的数字化保护提供技术支撑,也可以为新建木拱廊桥提供防火优化设计建议。
Abstract
To investigate the fire spread patterns and fire resistance performance of different roof forms in Min-Zhe timber arch lounge bridges, a building information modeling (BIM)-based parametric digital reconstruction method was employed to establish digital archives of these bridges, and a BIM-fire dynamic simulator (FDS) integrated fire simulation approach was utilized to analyze their fire spread characteristics. First, the Shouning Xiangong Bridge, which features both caisson structures and pyramidal roof elements, was selected for digital archival reconstruction. Subsequently, fire scenarios for Min-Zhe timber arch lounge bridges with varying roof configurations were established using the BIM-FDS interoperability methodology. Finally, fire spread characteristics—including heat release rate, fire propagation phenomena, and temperature distribution—were analyzed to evaluate the fire resistance performance of different roof types. It is found that the “nested family” BIM modeling approach, based on traditional construction techniques, is well-suited for the structurally complex and component-intensive Min-Zhe timber arch lounge bridges. The caisson structure primarily serves decorative rather than fire-resistant functions, potentially increasing fire load and failing to effectively retard fire spread. Pyramidal roofs exhibit significantly better fire spread retardation compared to the more common gable roofs in Min-Zhe timber arch lounge bridges. These findings provide technical support for the digital preservation and fire spread analysis of Min-Zhe timber arch lounge bridges, while also offering fire-optimized architectural design recommendations for future bridge constructions.
SONG Zhen-wen, FAN Bing-hui, YAN Jia-ying, WANG Li-yuan, CHEN Shu-jie, WU Kun-hui.
Fire Simulation Analysis on Gallery Structure of Min-Zhe Timber Arch Lounge Bridges Based on Digital Reconstruction[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(24): 10548-10555 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506418
为此,现以典型木拱廊桥为对象,依据木拱廊桥营造技艺,采用建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)技术的族嵌套建模方式构建建筑信息模型;BIM与FDS交互构建火灾信息模型,并通过火灾仿真结果揭示木拱廊桥廊屋结构的火灾蔓延规律,提出防火优化设计建议;以此,构建木拱廊桥“数字化遗存-火灾机理解析-防火优化设计”的技术链条,为现存木拱廊桥提供数字化保护方法,也为新建木拱廊桥提供防火优化设计。
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