The heterogeneous networks formed by the integration of VLC (visible light communication) and RF (radio frequency) communication could fully leverage their complementary advantages. Coordinating the access process of different networks and designing efficient resource allocation scheme are the core issues for improving system performance in heterogeneous networks. The resource allocation algorithm was designed for VLC-RF networks, which aims to fulfill the communication requirements of terminal devices and efficiently guarantee heterogeneous QoS (quality of service). First, to address the susceptibility of interruptions in VLC channel transmission, the cooperative service mechanism of VLC-RF is established, and the system service capability was evaluated based on the effective capacity theory. MMOO (Markov modulated on-off) process was adopted to model the service traffic, and the effective bandwidth theory was utilized to analyze the bandwidth requirements of differentiated service arrivals. Then, with the objective of minimizing the RF service rate, the resource allocation optimization problem was formulated. This problem incorporates the constraints of user QoS requirements, allocation factors, and transmission probabilities. The reverse learning strategy and the adaptive mutation mechanism were introduced to improve ALA (artificial lemming algorithm). Based on IALA (improved artificial lemming algorithm), the optimization problem was solved. Subsequently, the resource allocation algorithm was designed, and the optimal allocation scheme was determined. Finally, the proposed algorithm was verified and analyzed by the MATLAB simulation platform. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm could achieve efficient resource utilization while ensuring the QoS requirements of the terminals.
SUN Hong-liang, XU De-jun, WANG Chao, QIAN Lei.
Design and Performance Analysis of Cooperative Resource Allocation Scheme for VLC-RF Networks Based on ALA of Multiple Behavior Fusion[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(14): 6037-6044 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506373
考虑到上述方面,针对 VLC 链路易受干扰而中断的特性,现设计异构网络协同服务机制,并构建资源分配优化问题,以实现 VLC-RF 网络资源的高效分配。设计 VLC-RF 协同服务机制,考虑各终端的差异化 QoS 需求,联合 RF 信道分配因子和各终端的发送概率构建异构网络资源分配优化模型。引入反向学习策略和自适应变异机制对 ALA 进行改进,利用改进后的 ALA (improved artificial lemming algorithm, IALA)求解优化问题并设计资源分配算法,确定最佳分配方案;以期实现用户差异化QoS需求的高效保障并节约带宽资源。
1 系统模型
所构建的室内 VLC-RF 系统包含一个位于天花板中央的 VLC 接入点 (access point, AP)、一个 RF AP、一个中央控制器和 N 个终端设备。VLC AP 由若干个 LED 组成,不仅能满足室内照明需求,还能提供通信服务,但其照射范围有限,而 RF AP 能够确保整个室内区域的无线覆盖。通过中央控制器,能够为终端Ui (i = 1,2,…,N) 分配通信资源,终端会以各自的发送概率 γi 向中央控制器发起业务请求。
针对 VLC 链路易受干扰而中断的特性,设计 VLC-RF 协同服务机制。将 RF 信道资源划分为竞争信道和均等带宽资源的 N 个预留子信道,每个终端对应一个专属预留子信道。系统优先采用 VLC 信道和专属预留子信道为终端分配网络资源;当 VLC 信号中断时,由 RF 竞争信道和专属预留子信道为终端提供服务;在终端接入失败的情况下仅可使用专属预留子信道资源。在不失一般性的前提下,第 i 条链路的瞬时服务过程建模为
采用马尔可夫调制On-Off (Markov modulated on-off, MMOO) 过程对业务的到达过程进行建模。不同终端设备的到达过程均服从 MMOO 模型,彼此独立且存在差异。MMOO 到达过程具有二态特性。当系统处于 On 态时,数据包以速率 Ri 持续到达;当系统切换至 Off 状态时,停止数据包的传输。到达过程的马尔可夫链如图1所示。
为验证基于 IALA 设计资源分配算法的优越性,分别采用 IALA 与 ALA 对优化问题进行求解。为确保对比的公平性,两种算法均设置相同的种群规模Q=30和最大迭代次数T=200,仿真结果如图4所示。结果显示,与 ALA 相比,IALA 在求解最优服务率时所需的迭代次数更少,收敛速度更快,能够更快速地逼近最优解。
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