During hot-dry rock geothermal exploitation, granite wellbore walls are subjected to numerous thermal-cooling cycles. This exposure results in a deterioration of pore-permeability properties and poses potential risks of instability and collapse. To address this issue, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were employed to investigate the evolution of granite pore size, quantity, and distribution under various cooling strategies and thermal cycling frequencies, with practical drilling engineering and fluid types taken into consideration. The results indicate that pore connectivity was significantly enhanced by thermal cycling, leading to an increase in pore numbers and sizes, with a particularly notable growth in the proportion of larger pores. The porosity of granite was observed to gradually increase with the number of cycles, characterized by an initial rapid rise, followed by a slower growth rate, until ultimately stabilizing. The influence of subsequent thermal cycles on pore structure modification was diminished, which is attributed to the hindrance of heat conduction by generated thermal cracks. A notable correlation was identified between the equivalent average pore radius and the physical properties of the rock, suggesting that the alteration of granite’s pore structure following heating is the primary cause of its physical property degradation. These insights are considered crucial for the optimization of dry-heat geothermal systems.
WANG Hai-tao, SUN Wen-yue, DING Jian-xin, YANG Zhi-guo, WANG Jian-hua, XI Yan.
Experiment of Pore Evolution of Granite during Cycled Thermal-cooling Based on NMR Method[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(21): 9215-9224 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506324
针对花岗岩在不同冷却方式和热循环次数下的损伤与破坏机制,前人已经开展了一系列的研究[8-10]。詹金武等[11]对自然冷却和水冷却花岗岩的力学性质进行研究,指出随着热循环次数的提高,花岗岩内部微裂隙开始扩展、贯通形成宏观裂纹,岩样质量和纵波波速开始衰减。以往的研究主要集中在高温-冷却循环后岩石力学特性变化规律,越来越多的学者开始采用核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)方法研究孔隙变化对高温-冷却循环花岗岩物理与力学特性劣化的影响。Du等[12]采用分层核磁共振技术分析了局部水冷冲击对材料物理性能的影响与孔隙结构的演化,并研究了周期性热处理过程中的热损伤,表明高温水冷却砂岩表现出多孔结构和物理性能的退化以及渗透性的提高,且在热处理前后,水冷样品浸入部分的微孔、中孔和大孔的增加比例比空气暴露部分更显著。Cao等[13]使用核磁共振对高温-水冷却循环的花岗岩进行实验,指出花岗岩孔隙率随热循环次数的增加而增加,弛豫峰个数从2个增加到3个,试样的孔隙结构变得越来越复杂,渗透率增加。Wu等[14]利用核磁共振技术测试了高温花岗岩在不同冷却模式下的孔隙结构特征,指出水冷却过程会在岩石微观结构中产生瞬时较大的拉应力,促进岩石热裂现象的发生和孔隙的发育。基于此可以看出,前人对于高温-冷却对岩石孔隙尺寸及分布的变化规律开展了一定的研究,但是在定量分析以及对高温-冷却循环岩石损伤机理的分析方面依然不够充分。
热循环次数对花岗岩的T2谱有显著影响。在热循环次数从0次升高到12次的过程中,低谱峰峰值整体较为平稳,高谱峰峰值随着处理热循环次数的增加而逐渐增大并趋于稳定:在前2次热循环后,高谱峰峰值增长较为明显;热循环次数2 < n ≤ 6次时,T2谱变化越来越小,高谱峰峰值呈现缓慢增长状态,并在6次热循环时达到最大值;热循环次数6 < n ≤ 12次时,高谱峰峰值开始出现小范围的下降,并最终趋于稳定。
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