College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-08-19
2026-03-28
2025-10-14
Online Date
2026-06-02
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摘要
在核反应堆运行过程中,不同材料的腐蚀颗粒会逐渐沉积于蒸汽发生器传热管表面,形成结垢现象。这种结垢不仅会降低换热器的传热效率,还可能引发管道堵塞问题。通过构建套管式直流蒸汽发生器(once through steam generator,OTSG)二次侧全范围内的结垢沉积模型,系统地分析了换热区内流道传热特性及流型对表面结垢的影响机制,并从多维度揭示了套管式OTSG二次侧传热管表面结垢的分布规律,深入探讨了其内部结垢分布特性。研究结果表明,由于套管式OTSG独特的月牙形流道结构导致的周向不均匀性,使得传热管表面的结垢呈现螺旋条带状分布特征。颗粒直径的变化不会显著改变颗粒结垢的沉积情况;颗粒浓度越大,颗粒结垢情况越严重。
Abstract
During the operation of nuclear reactors, corrosion particles originating from various materials progressively accumulate on the surfaces of the heat transfer tubes in the steam generator, thereby inducing fouling. This fouling not only diminishes the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger but may also result in pipe blockage. A comprehensive fouling deposition model was developed for the entire secondary side of double-side heating once-through steam generator (OTSG) with helical tubes. The influence mechanisms of heat transfer characteristics and flow patterns within the heat transfer zone on surface fouling were systematically investigated, and the distribution patterns of fouling on the heat transfer tube surfaces of the OTSG secondary side were elucidated from multiple perspectives. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the internal fouling distribution characteristics was provided. The findings indicate that the unique crescent-shaped flow channel structure of the OTSG induces circumferential non-uniformity, leading to a spiral distribution of fouling on the heat transfer tube surfaces. Additionally, the circumferential non-uniformity of fluid velocity or quality in different heat transfer regions significantly affects the circumferential fouling distribution. Moreover, variations in reactor operating conditions influence the spiral band distribution of fouling. As power levels increase and the inlet flow rate on the secondary side rises, the extent of the spiral band distribution of fouling becomes more extensive, and its characteristics become more pronounced.
WANG Dong-dong, FU Sheng-wei, JIAO Meng, JIANG Jia-hang, JIANG Jia-cheng.
Particulate Fouling Characteristics on the Secondary Side of Double-side Once through Steam Generator[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(9): 3778-3784 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506044
小型一体化反应堆中,直流蒸汽发生器(once through steam generator, OTSG)由于体积换热效率高被用作一、二回路的关键换热设备。尽管反应堆回路中实施了严格的水质管理措施,但由于长期运行,换热设备仍普遍面临严重的结垢问题,且结垢程度随时间逐渐累积。污垢在换热面生成后,会对设备性能产生以下两方面的不利影响[1]:首先,结垢会导致表面热阻显著增加,从而使换热设备的性能逐步恶化。由于结垢材料的导热系数远低于换热管和流体,即使厚度远小于管壁的结垢层也可能引发较大的传热恶化。其次,壁面结垢会减小流道的水力直径,进而导致回路压降上升。这不仅增加了泵所需的驱动力,还降低了回路流量,从而进一步削弱了换热系数。结垢沉积问题对换热设备造成的危害极大,引起了国内外学者的关注。
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