1 Avic Tongfei South China Aircraft Industry Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, China
2 Avic General Aircraft Co., Ltd. Research and Development Center, Zhuhai 519040, China
3 China Special Vehicle Institute, Jingmen 448000, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-08-18
2026-06-08
2025-11-26
Online Date
2026-08-07
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摘要
针对水陆两栖飞机水面滑行过程中的结构动态响应问题,基于弗劳德相似准则设计1∶10缩比全机模型,开展了水池不规则波滑行试验,测量不同弗劳德数(Fr=0.31~1.52)下的动态响应。基于统计方法分析了纵倾角、艏部垂向过载与重心 (center of gravity,CG)处垂向过载增量的统计特性。结果表明:Weibull分布对滑水载荷下三类响应的极值统计特性具有良好适用性(拟合优度R2>0.95);随着Fr增大(Fr=0.31~1.52,浪高0.15 m),纵倾角特征极值增长283%,重心垂向过载增量特征幅值提升383%,同时艏部垂向过载峰谷值分布尾部显著增厚,表明机体遭遇极端载荷的概率急剧升高。基于上述统计特性及多工况加权方法,建立了基于Weibull分布参数的载荷谱,为水陆两栖飞机结构寿命预测提供关键载荷输入,并通过与全机疲劳试验数据对比证实了该载荷谱模型的工程可信度。
Abstract
In order to investigate the structural dynamic response of amphibious aircraft during wave planing in irregular waves, a 1∶10 geometrically scaled full-aircraft model was fabricated in adherence to Froude similarity criteria. This model was then tested in a towing tank under controlled wave conditions, covering a Froude number range of Fr=0.31~1.52. Dynamic responses including trim angle, bow vertical overload, and vertical overload increment at the center of gravity (CG) were measured and statistically characterized. Results demonstrate that the Weibull distribution effectively captures extreme-value statistics for all three responses (goodness-of-fit R2> 0.95). As the Froude number (Fr=0.31~1.52, wave height=0.15 m) increases, the characteristic extreme values of the trim angle grow by 283%, CG vertical overload increment shows a 383% rise in characteristic amplitude. Bow acceleration distribution develops significantly thicker tails at high Fr, indicating a sharp escalation in extreme load occurrence probability. Based on these findings, a statistically-derived load spectrum is developed using Weibull parameters via multi-condition weighting, providing essential input for fatigue life prediction of amphibious aircraft, and is validated through comparison with full-scale fatigue test data, confirming its engineering reliability.
MEI Wei-wei, LIANG Yi-jun, YANG Rong, WANG Xiang-sheng, GUO Zheng, ZHOU Li-sheng, HU Qi.
Dynamic Response and Load Spectrum Model of Amphibious Aircraft Motions in Irregular Head Seas[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(16): 7080-7091 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2506015
试验主要开展不规则波迎浪试验,试验过程中模型的平尾偏角根据水池气动力拖曳试验结果进行选取,避免对模型进行力矩补偿。试验采用国际拖曳水池会议(International Towing Tank Conference,ITTC)单参数谱模拟不规则波,有义波高0.05、0.075、0.1、0.125和0.15 m,确保模型遭遇完整不规则波次数不小于200次。具体试验工况如表5所示。
选取低通滤波器进行滤波提取有效试验数据,参考美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,NASA)[12]Spacecraft Dynamic Environments Handbook(NASA-HDBK-7005)标准和某水陆两栖飞机数据处理经验,确定截止频率为20 Hz。
通过编制峰谷值识别程序,识别模型波浪滑行时纵倾角、艏部垂向过载和垂向过载增量(重心处)的极大值与极小值,随后,如式(7)~式(9)所示,通过均方根(root mean square,RMS)方法进行归一化处理,消除量纲影响。为满足工程设计的保守性原则并适配后续疲劳载荷谱编制流程,对识别出的峰值(极大值)和谷值(极小值)分别取绝对值,将正峰值绝对值和负谷值绝对值统一视为单方向载荷极值(即正方向极值和负方向极值的绝对值,可覆盖结构承受的最严苛单向载荷工况)进行统计分析。
$f(\Delta g ; a, \lambda)=\left(\frac{a}{\lambda}\right)\left(\frac{\Delta g}{\lambda}\right)^{a-1} \mathrm{e}^{-\left(\frac{\Delta g}{\lambda}\right)^{a}}$
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