In order to solve the problem of incomplete disaster information caused by information lag in the early phase of the earthquake, which leads to the lack of consideration for disaster urgency in aviation rescue dispatch schemes, a method of aircraft rescue dispatch that combines seismic disaster risk was proposed with the consideration of disaster urgency. A model of disaster urgency based on seismic risk was constructed and combined with geographic information system (GIS) to evaluate the differential urgency of affected areas using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method, thereby establishing time window constraints. Therefore, a penalty function was introduced to construct an optimization model for aircraft rescue scheduling with the objectives of shortest rescue time and minimum rescue cost. Finally, Sichuan was designed as the background of the arithmetic example, and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) was employed to conduct numerical simulations and comparative analyses for multi-objective optimisation problems. The results show that the model constructed is able to better predict the urgency of each disaster area in the early stage of the earthquake, ensure the priority and focus of the rescue force. Compared with traditional scheduling schemes, the method proposed in this paper only slightly increases rescue time while significantly reducing penalty costs and total costs, and minimizing secondary losses caused by delays. It offers distinct advantages in controlling rescue costs and mitigating losses from delays, and can provide important theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the optimal allocation of aviation emergency rescue resources during emergencies such as earthquakes.
WANG Xin-zhu, LI Zhe, SHAO Quan, ZHANG Sheng-run, HE Bin.
Aviation Emergency Rescue Dispatch Method Based on Seismic Disaster Risk[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(23): 10151-10160 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505969
为使场景更贴近实际突发事件中应急物资调配情况,部分研究对各地区的灾情紧急程度进行划分,以提升应急调度效果。Avishan等[6]提出了一种向受影响地区提供公平物资分配的可调整鲁棒优化方法,实时调整需求紧迫性;Rivera-Royero等[7]构建的动态评估模型整合了容量约束与优先级排序机制以量化需求点紧迫性;宋洋等[8]在考虑受灾紧迫度情况下,采用网络层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)-综合指数法以救援时间和救援成本为优化目标建立模型;杨倩等[9]使用AHP方法对紧急程度进行权重等级划分,并以最小化救援过程的响应时间、配送延误惩罚和需求未满意率为目标,构建了应急物资车辆调度模型;宋英华等[10]根据受灾区域的灾情信息采用熵权-逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution, TOPSIS)对各受灾点的需求紧迫度进行排序,并构建以最小化调度时间和最大化应急物资分配公平性为目标的应急物资公平调度优化模型;王培栋等[11]运用层次分析法对需求紧迫度指标进行赋权,以受灾点需求紧迫度排序指数最大、带有延时惩罚的配送总成本最小为目标,构建考虑需求紧迫度的配送路径优化模型。
以上研究成果可为航空应急救援提供理论基础,但仍存在明显局限:紧迫度分级多依赖灾后统计数据、实时监测数据等完整需求信息,缺乏对地震风险固有属性的系统性整合,未将其纳入分级体系,难以实现救援资源前瞻性分配。相关研究多聚焦地面物资运输路径优化,航空救援专项调度方法较少,且多基于灾害同质情形或灾后信息已知场景,鲜少适配地震初期信息滞后、数据缺失的实际状况,导致地震初期救援调度的时效性与经济性难以兼顾。鉴于此,提出一种结合地震受灾风险考虑救援需求急迫度的航空应急救援调度方法,通过构建四维地震风险评估指标体系,融合地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS)技术与AHP-熵权法实现紧迫度前瞻预判,引入惩罚函数与第二代非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ, NSGA-Ⅱ)求解多目标优化问题。能在受灾初期信息不足时精准预判各区域紧迫度,确保救援力量优先覆盖重灾区域,同时兼顾全域需求实现资源合理配置,既解决传统调度中信息滞后导致的效率瓶颈,又通过多目标平衡人员财产损失,为地震初期快速高效的航空救援提供新的技术路径,也为同类灾害应急救援提供参考范式。
关于地震风险评估方面的研究,Jena等[12]应用集成的人工神经网络-层次分析法(artificial neural network-analytic hierarchy process,ANN-AHP )模型构建了地震概率、危险性和脆弱性三层地震风险评估指标模型;Yariyan[13]将模糊层次分析过程与人工神经网络相结合(fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process coupled with an artificial neural networks, FAHP-ANN)模型与GIS相结合,为地震脆弱性图层分配权重,并生成地震风险评估地图;冯夏琪[14]建立了基于致灾因子、暴露性、脆弱性和抗灾恢复力这四个指标的地震灾害风险评估指标体系,在此基础上,对各个震区需求的灾害风险指数进行了分析;刘媛媛等[15]结合AHP方法和熵权法建立了考虑危险性、敏感性和易损性的灾害风险评估模型,并利用GIS可视化风险分布。影响地震风险评估的因素很多,在现有研究成果的基础上,综合考虑应急物资的特性和地震的特点,将影响地震风险评估的因素主要分为灾后可恢复性(recoverability)、孕灾环境敏感性(sensitivity)、承灾体脆弱性(vulnerability)以及致灾因子危险性(hazard)4个层面。一个地区的危险性越大、敏感性越强、脆弱性越大、可恢复性越弱,则该地区的地震风险越高,即需求紧迫度越高。因此,本文中地震灾害风险评估模型为
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