1 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
2 SAIC-GM-Wuling Automotive Company Limited, Liuzhou 545007, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-08-14
2026-06-28
2025-11-26
Online Date
2026-07-29
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摘要
针对永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)控制系统中因非线性与多参数时变导致的控制精度不足、参数整定困难及动态响应滞后等问题,提出了一种基于人工势场法的改进混沌蝙蝠算法(chaotic potential field improved bat algorithm, CPFIBA),用于优化模糊PID(proportional integral derivative)控制系统参数。该算法融合混沌人工势场法与粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization, PSO)算法的核心思想,引入动态学习因子,显著增强全局搜索能力与环境适应性,同时加快了算法收敛速度,有效提高永磁同步电机控制精度。通过实验验证,所提出的CPFIBA-模糊PID控制系统在高速工况下的阶跃响应时间为0.09 s,在低速负载条件下的扰动调节时间为0.062 4 s。该控制系统具有较好的响应速度与抗干扰能力,有效提升了电机在不同工况下的适应性与可靠性。
Abstract
To address the issues of insufficient control accuracy, difficult parameter tuning, and dynamic response lag caused by nonlinearity and multi-parameter time-varying characteristics in PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) control systems, CPFIBA (chaotic potential field improved bat algorithm) based on the artificial potential field method was proposed for optimizing fuzzy PID control system parameters. This algorithm integrates the core concepts of the chaotic artificial potential field method and PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm. By introducing a dynamic learning factor, it significantly enhances global search capability and environmental adaptability while accelerating algorithm convergence, thereby effectively improving the control accuracy of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed CPFIBA-fuzzy PID control system achieves a step response time of 0.09 s under high-speed operation and a disturbance settling time of 0.062 4 s under low-speed load conditions. This control system exhibits superior response speed and disturbance rejection capability, effectively enhancing the motor’s adaptability and reliability across diverse operating conditions.
CHEN Hui, LI Yong-tao, DONG Zheng, HUANG Jun-jie, ZHANG Ya-fei.
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System Based on CPFI-enhanced Bat Algorithm for Optimizing Fuzzy PID[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(18): 7712-7719 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505951
永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)[1-2]凭借其高功率密度、高转矩密度、高效率、宽调速范围及优异的动态响应性能,已成为现代高性能驱动系统的核心动力装置[3-4]。其转子采用永磁体励磁,省去了励磁绕组损耗,显著提升效率;定子磁场与转子磁场保持同步旋转,运行平稳且转矩脉动小[5-6]。然而,PMSM的高性能发挥高度依赖于控制策略的精准性[7]。电机参数时变、负载扰动及系统非线性等因素对控制器设计构成严峻挑战,实现快速、精确、强鲁棒性的速度与转矩控制是核心目标[8]。比例-积分-微分(proportional integral derivative, PID)控制器因结构简单、物理意义明确、易于工程实现,在工业控制中应用广泛,但其存在明显局限:对非线性时变系统适应性不足,鲁棒性不强,且快速响应与超调抑制之间存在固有矛盾[9]。为突破PID控制瓶颈,模糊控制[10-11]被引入系统设计。该策略通过融合模糊逻辑推理与PID控制框架[12-13],无需依赖精确数学模型,凭借强鲁棒性和非线性映射能力,有效协调快速响应与超调抑制的平衡关系[14]。然而模糊控制存在稳态精度不足的缺陷。文献[12]中提出了结合Smith预估器补偿通信时延,利用模糊PID实时调参的方法,该方法抗扰性强且控制精度高,但控制器结构复杂,多模块协同参数整定难度较大;文献[14]中提出通过神经网络自适应整定PID参数的方法,该方法响应速度快,正弦信号跟随效果好,但神经网络训练需大量数据,对初始参数敏感,易受数据质量影响;文献[15]中提出的粒子群优化PID方法,参数优化效果好,但粒子群易陷入局部最优,对时变参数和复杂扰动的适应能力有限。蝙蝠算法(bat algorithm, BA)[16]作为一种群体智能优化算法,模拟蝙蝠回声定位行为,通过种群信息共享机制在解空间进行高效搜索,具有全局寻优能力强、不依赖梯度信息、适用于复杂优化问题的优势。该算法可用于快速获取PID控制器最优参数组合,但其个体缺乏有效变异机制,易陷入局部最优且难以自主逃逸,导致全局最优解获取困难[17]。
基于上述问题,现提出结合人工势场法的改进混沌蝙蝠算法(chaotic potential field improved bat algorithm, CPFIBA),用于优化模糊PID控制系统参数。与文献[16,18]相比该算法在标准蝙蝠算法基础上融合混沌人工势场法与粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization, PSO)思想[19-20],通过引入动态学习因子[15],增强全局搜索能力与环境适应性,并加速收敛进程。经CPFIBA优化的模糊PID永磁同步电机控制系统可有效克服稳态误差,提升动态响应速度与抗扰动性能,同时显著抑制电机超调量,为复杂工况下永磁同步电机的高精度、强鲁棒性控制提供一种新的有效途径,对推动永磁同步电机在工业伺服、新能源汽车及高端装备制造等领域的高性能应用具有重要的理论参考价值与工程实践意义,对于解决永磁同步电机控制中参数整定困难、动态响应与超调抑制难以兼顾的工程瓶颈问题具有重要意义。
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