Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Thermal Storage Performance of Shell-and-tube Latent Heat Storage Unit with Dual-temperature Boundary Conditions
Phase change material (PCM) is a commonly used energy-storage media in thermal storage devices, and the shell-and-tube latent heat storage unit is one of the widely applied thermal storage devices. Currently, most research on this type of thermal storage device focuses on single temperature boundary conditions, and research on the thermal storage performance of phase change thermal storage devices under multiple temperature boundaries is relatively scarce. To this end, a double-tube shell-and-tube latent heat storage model featuring dual temperature boundaries was developed, and numerical simulations of the heat-storage process were conducted using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results show that, under a constant temperature difference between the upper and lower heating tubes, altering their vertical arrangement can significantly enhance the melting rate of the PCM and improve thermal-storage efficiency. The temperature difference between the heating tubes has a pronounced effect on the complete melting time, although the total stored energy varies only slightly under the same temperature difference. Moreover, the influence of tube spacing on melting time differs depending on the tube-arrangement conditions. A comparative analysis between natural-convection and pure-conduction models was also carried out. In the pure-conduction model, the melting-time difference between the two heating-tube arrangements is relatively small. However, in the natural-convection model, the configuration with the upper tube at a lower temperature and the lower tube at a higher temperature exhibits a more significant convection-enhancement effect. As tube spacing increases, the natural-convection enhancement coefficient for the “top low-bottom high(TL-BH)” temperature arrangement is clearly superior to that of the “TL-BH” arrangement. The research results offer new insights for the design and optimization of phase-change heat storage units under multi-temperature-boundary conditions and provides theoretical support for identifying melting mechanisms.
LI Jia-geng, HAN Zhi-tao, ZHANG Xue-dan.
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Thermal Storage Performance of Shell-and-tube Latent Heat Storage Unit with Dual-temperature Boundary Conditions[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(20): 8672-8683 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505947
在相变蓄热器的早期研究中,为获得相变蓄热器的快速响应以满足运行的需求,许多研究者对相变蓄热器进行结构优化以提升其换热性能。Pourakabar等[6]研究了不同外壳形状和内管排列对圆柱形容器中PCM熔化与凝固过程的影响。结果显示,双管垂直排列结构的熔化速率最高,单管结构最低。Faghani等[7]对具有9种不同阵列的两个椭圆管内PCM的熔化进行数值研究,结果表明,水平管作为外壳,内筒垂直排列是熔化时间最短的最佳配置。Luo等[8]将玻尔兹曼方法应用于不同数量和排列的复杂多管储热系统,以研究不同数量和排列的管子对不同瑞利数和斯蒂芬数的壳管模型熔化动力学的影响,数值结果表明,由于多管系统传热面积较大,多管系统的传热比单管系统大大增强,中心对称布置的传热性能优于直列和交错布置。Pahamli等[9]研究发现,在管壳式双管相变蓄热器中,内管向下移动能够增加对流主导区域,从而显著缩短熔化时间(最多可减少64%);通过提高传热流体(heat transfer fluid,HTF)入口温度,系统的热潜力增强,从而加速了熔化过程。然而,增加HTF的质量流量对熔化速率影响不大。宋鸿杰等[10]对高温管壳式相变蓄热器进行了数值模拟与优化,结果表明,相变蓄热器中的相变材料的融化时间随入口温度与流速变化存在区间效应,相变材料的融化时间并非持续线性变化。融化过程具有显著的空间非均匀性,同时固液相变界面演化具有规律性的前移特征。
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