1 State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Chongqing 400037, China
2 CCTEG Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-08-14
2026-07-28
2026-01-14
Online Date
2026-08-14
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摘要
煤矿智能化建设对煤机装备的研发提出了“机械化换人、自动化减人”的具体要求。为满足定向钻机自动化升级需求,分析了传统钻机在安全、效率和信息化方面存在的问题,重点研究了钻机的电液控制方式及三项自动化技术。首先,设计了矿用防爆电液控制系统,由数据采集感知单元、液压控制单元、无线遥控单元和控制器局域网(controller area network,CAN)单元组成,实现了钻机全部动作的视距遥控操作。其次,开发了钻杆自动装卸、工具面向角自动调整和水路系统自适应调节功能,通过双机械手二次转运方式解决了钻杆抓取与姿态调整问题,采用双闭环控制实现了工具面向角的精确调整与自动修正,并基于经验模型实现了泥浆泵流量与钻孔参数的自适应匹配。在此基础上,研制了ZYWL-15000DSY型大功率自动化定向钻机,并在山西寺河煤矿开展试验应用,累计钻孔深度超过11 000 m。应用表明:钻机可一次装载钻杆54根(总长度81 m),满足单班作业需求;在自动模式下,单根钻杆的自动装卸时间约90 s;配套电磁波无线测量系统时,顺煤层定向钻孔效率可达13 m/h。该技术及装备的应用有效降低了工人劳动强度,提高了作业安全性,初步实现了减人增效的应用目标。
Abstract
The intelligent construction of coal mines has put forward the requirements of “mechanization of personnel replacement and automation of personnel reduction” for the research and development of coal mining equipment. In order to meet the automation upgrade requirements of directional drilling rigs, the problems of traditional drilling rigs were analyzed in terms of safety, efficiency, and informatization, and the research of drilling rig electro-hydraulic control methods and three automation technologies were focused on. Firstly, a mining explosion-proof electro-hydraulic control system was designed, consisting of a data acquisition and perception unit, a hydraulic control unit, a wireless remote-control unit, and a controller area network (CAN) unit, which enables line of sight remote control of all movements of the drilling rig. Secondly, automatic loading and unloading of drill rods, automatic adjustment of tool orientation angle, and adaptive adjustment of waterway system have been developed. The problem of drill rod grasping and attitude adjustment has been solved through the secondary transportation of dual robotic arms. The precise adjustment and automatic correction of tool orientation angle have been achieved through dual closed-loop control, and the adaptive matching of mud pump water volume and drilling parameters has been achieved based on empirical models. On this basis, the ZYWL-15000DSY high-power automated directional drilling rig was developed and tested in Sihe coal mine, Shanxi Province, with a cumulative drilling depth of over 11 000 m. The application shows that the drilling rig can load 54 drill rods (with a total length of 81 m) at once, meeting the requirements of single shift operations. In automatic mode, the automatic loading and unloading time of a single drill rod is about 90 s. When equipped with an electromagnetic wave wireless measurement system, the directional drilling efficiency along the coal seam can reach 13 m/h. The application of this technology and equipment effectively reduces the labor intensity of workers, improves work safety, and initially achieves the goal of reducing manpower and increasing efficiency.
WANG Jie, MENG Xiang-hui, YAN Bao-yong.
Development and Application of ZYWL-15000DSY Type Automated Directional Drilling Rig for Coal Mine[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(21): 9072-9081 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505942
根据钻机的控制需求,将电控系统划分为数据采集感知单元、液压控制单元、无线遥控单元和控制器局域网单元4个部分,如图3所示。控制单元采用控制器局域网(controller area network,CAN)总线分布式结构,主控制器、副控制器、上位机、遥控接收器均连接在同一根总线上,为并联模式。主控制器负责液压控制单元中所有电磁阀的输出控制;副控制器采集感知单元中各传感器的测量数据;遥控接收器与遥控发射器组成无线遥控单元,完成控制信号与通信数据的传递;上位机作为人机交互界面,除展示钻机的运行状态外,还通过RJ45网络接口与随钻测量系统中的数据采集器进行通信。整个电控系统原理清晰、结构简单,主副控制器均采用专用型微控制器,易于实现控制的数字化和模块化,满足后期功能扩展和硬件升级需要。
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