1 College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
2 Institute of Land and Space Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
3 Xi'an Mineral Resources Investigation Centre of the China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710100, China
4 Qinling-Loess Plateau Transition Zone Observation and Research Station for Coupling of Soil and Water Elementsand Conservation of Biological Resources, Weinan 714300, China
5 Shaanxi Guotu Information Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710034, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
Revised
2025-08-14
2026-06-28
2026-01-31
Online Date
2026-07-29
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摘要
频繁的干旱事件已对植被正常生长与生态系统稳定构成威胁。为解析干旱对植被影响的复杂性,以2001—2022年黄土高原逐月植被总初级生产力(gross primary productivity, GPP)和标准化降水蒸散发指数(standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index, SPEI)为基础,采用Copula函数利用去趋势化后的植被GPPdt和SPEI构建了植被生长季气象干旱胁迫下黄土高原植被总初级生产力损失的条件概率模型,并确定了导致植被总初级生产力损失的干旱触发阈值。结果表明:2001—2022年黄土高原植被生长季GPPdt与SPEI以正相关为主(95.05%),植被对干旱的响应时间集中在2~6个月,响应时间由短到长依次为稀疏植被(3.89个月)、草本植被(5.78个月)、落叶阔叶林(5.80个月)和常绿针叶林(6.38个月);对相同植被GPPdt损失发生阈值,干旱等级越高,植被GPPdt损失发生的条件概率越大。相同干旱等级下,植被GPPdt损失发生阈值越高,植被GPPdt损失发生的条件概率越大;黄土高原西北部和中部干旱触发阈值较高,对干旱响应更为敏感;以2001—2022年植被生长季GPPdt40th作为植被GPPdt损失发生阈值,植被GPPdt损失的平均概率由大到小依次为稀疏植被(52.21%)、草本植被(48.49%)、落叶阔叶林(47.77%)和常绿针叶林(42.78%),干旱触发阈值依次为稀疏植被(SPEI=-1.486)、草本植被(SPEI=-1.573)、落叶阔叶林(SPEI=-1.601)和常绿针叶林(SPEI=-1.676)。研究结果为黄土高原的植被生态保护和干旱防御策略提供科学支撑。
Abstract
Frequent drought events are recognized as threats to the normal growth of vegetation and the stability of ecosystem in the Loess Plateau. To elucidate the intricate effects of drought on vegetation, monthly GPP (gross primary productivity) and SPEI (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) from 2001 to 2022 were used to explore vegetation responses to meteorological drought. Using GPPdt (detrended GPP) and SPEI, copula functions were applied to construct a conditional probability model for vegetation GPP loss under growing-season meteorological drought stress, and drought-trigger thresholds that lead to GPPdt loss were determined. The results show as follows. During 2001—2022, GPPdt exhibits a predominantly positive correlation with SPEI (95.05%) during the growing season. Vegetation responses to drought are concentrated within 2~6 months, with the response time lengthening from sparse vegetation (3.89 months) to herbaceous vegetation (5.78 months), deciduous broadleaf forest (5.80 months), and evergreen needleleaf forest (6.38 months). Given the same GPPdt-loss threshold, more severe drought conditions lead to higher conditional probabilities of GPPdt loss. Under identical drought level, higher GPPdt-loss thresholds also correspond to increased conditional probabilities. Elevated drought-trigger thresholds are observed in the northwest and central region of the Loess Plateau, which indicate heightened drought sensitivity. Employing the 40th percentile of growing-season GPPdt from 2001 to 2022 as the loss threshold, the average probability of GPPdt loss declines from sparse vegetation (52.21%) to herbaceous vegetation (48.49%), deciduous broadleaf forest (47.77%), and evergreen needleleaf forest (42.78%). The drought-trigger thresholds for these vegetation types are SPEI = -1.486, -1.573, -1.601, and -1.676 respectively. The research findings provide scientific support for vegetation ecological protection and drought prevention strategies on the Loess Plateau.
YANG Mei-huan, JIANG Yong-tao, WANG Tao, ZHANG Jing-ru, WANG Bo, GAO Bo, NIE Lei, TAO Bing-yu, LUO Zhuang, YANG Hao-wei.
Responses of Different Vegetation Types to Meteorological Drought in the Loess Plateau from 2001 to 2022[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(18): 7601-7611 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2505934
选用正态分布(Normal)、伽马分布(Gamma)、对数正态分布(Log-normal)、Logistic分布(Logistic)和威布尔分布(Weibull)分别拟合GPPdt序列。由于SPEI是采用标准正态分布变换计算得到的指数,故用正态分布(Normal)对其进行拟合。利用柯尔莫哥洛夫斯米尔诺夫检验(Kolmogorov-Smirnov, K-S)对分布函数拟合优度进行检验,选择通过K-S检验且贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criteria, BIC准则)最小的分布作为最佳边缘分布。选用Gaussian、Student's t、Clayton、Frank、Gumbel、Joe分别构建GPPdt与SPEI-k的联合分布函数。采用极大似然估计法确定Copula函数的参数,并通过赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion, AIC)选择最优Copula函数,AIC值越小表明联合分布越好。
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